This article deals with the reconstruction of temperature/heat flux profile and retrieval of parameters in a transient conduction and radiation heat transfer problem in a concentric cylindrical enclosure. Reconstruction and retrievals are achieved through the genetic algorithm (GA). In the conduction problem, the lattice Boltzmann method coupled with the GA is used for the reconstruction and retrievals; whereas in the radiation problem, the same are achieved through the discrete transfer method and the GA. The accuracies of the estimated parameters are studied for the effects of measurement errors, genetic variables such as the best fitness, the population size, and the number of generations. Reconstructed temperature and heat flux profiles and the estimated parameters are in good agreement with the exact ones.