Two-Dimensional Graphene Nanoribbons

Yang, Xuan; Dou, Xiaohui; Rouhanipour, Ali; Zhi, Linjie; Räder, Hans Joachim; Müllen, Kläus

doi:10.1021/ja710234t

Cited by 705 publications

(551 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Staudenmaier 1g of graphite was added to a suspension of 30 ml of HNO 3 and 60 ml of H 2 SO 4 . The mixture was stirred and 8.5 g of KClO 3 were added in aliquots over a period of 6 h, and the stirring continued for 18 h. The method then followed the same procedure as the Brodie method. This sample was labeled as GO-St.…”

Section: Production Methods Of Gomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Graphene (an individual sheet of sp 2 hybridized carbon) can be produced by bottom-up approaches, that include epitaxial growth techniques, polymerization of molecules [1][2][3], or top-down methods consisting of delaminating graphite crystals [4]. However, the latter method could result in different graphene-like materials including pristine graphene (PG), produced through liquid phase exfoliation [5,6], and graphene oxide (GO), synthesized by chemical intercalation and the subsequent oxidation of graphitic materials (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Towards the understanding of the graphene oxide structure: How to control the formation of humic- and fulvic-like oxidized debris

Rodriguez-Pastor

Ramos-Fernández

Varela-Rizo

et al. 2015

Carbon

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Please cite this article as: Rodriguez-Pastor, I., Ramos-Fernandez, G., Varela-Rizo, H., Terrones, M., Martin-Gullon, I., Towards the understanding of the graphene oxide structure: How to control the formation of humic-and fulviclike oxidized debris, Carbon (2014), doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon. 2014.12.027 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Abstract Former structural models of graphene oxide (GO) indicated that it consists of graphenelike sheets with oxygen groups, and no attention was paid to the resulting sheet size. We now provide evidence of the complex GO structure consisting of large and small GO sheets (or oxidized debris). Different oxidation reactions were studied. KMnO 4 derived GO consists of large sheets (20-30 wt. %), and oxidized debris deposits, which are formed by humic-and fulvic-like fragments. Large GO sheets contain oxygen groups, especially at the edges, such as carbonyl, lactone and carboxylic groups. Humic-like debris consists of an amorphous gel containing more oxygenated groups and trapped water molecules. The main desorbable fraction upon heating is the fulvic-like material, which contains oxygen groups and fragments with high edge/surface ratio. KClO 3 in HNO 3 or the Brodie method produces a highly oxidized material but at the flake level surface only; little oxidized debris and water contents are found. It is noteworthy that an efficient basal cutting of the graphitic planes in addition to an effective intercalation is caused by KMnO 4 , and the aid of NaNO 3 makes this process even more effective, thus yielding large monolayers of GO and a large amount of humic-and fulvic-like substances.

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Section: Production Methods Of Gomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the understanding of the graphene oxide structure: How to control the formation of humic- and fulvic-like oxidized debris

Rodriguez-Pastor

Ramos-Fernández

Varela-Rizo

et al. 2015

Carbon

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“…From a pure chemical approach, short GNRs have been synthesized by linking tetra-and hexa-phenylbenzenes via the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction. [ 27 ] The produced ribbons are crystalline and exhibit lengths of 8-12 nm, although the quantities may not be very high. Hydrothermal processes have also been used to obtain either amorphous or crystalline carbon ribbons involving Tefl on-lined autoclaves.…”

Section: Graphene Nanoribbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interphases in Graphene Polymer‐based Nanocomposites: Achievements and Challenges

et al. 2011

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Graphene constitutes a two dimensional sp2 hybridized carbon material with outstanding electrical and mechanical properties. To date, novel methods for producing large quantities of graphene and its derivatives (doped or functionalized graphenes, nanoribbons and nanoplatelets) are emerging, and research dedicated to the fabrication of polymer nanocomposites using graphenes has started. In this Research News, we summarize the synthesis and properties of graphene and its derivatives, and provide an overview of the latest research dedicated to the fabrication of polymer composites for different applications, including mechanical, electrical, optical and thermal. Some of the recently fabricated composites exhibit outstanding properties, however, it is vital to understand the chemistry and physics of the interphases established between the polymer and the graphene surfaces. The challenges in the fabrication of super robust and highly conducting composites using graphenes are also discussed. It is believed that graphene‐based polymer composites will result in commercial products if their interphases and reactivity are carefully controlled.

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“…Several recent studies have focused on the synthesis of GNRs by the bottom-up approaches that rely on building GNRs from smaller molecular species. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The resulting GNRs are very narrow (typically with widths, w < 2 nm) and have atomically precise edges, which is very important for potential applications. [3][4][5][6]21,22 One type of synthetic GNRs that has received considerable theoretical [23][24][25] and experimental attention 9,16,19,20,26 is the chevron-like GNR that has a very distinct periodic structure (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bulk properties of solution-synthesized chevron-like graphene nanoribbons

Vo¹,

Shekhirev²,

Lipatov³

et al. 2014

Faraday Discuss.

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Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have received a great deal of attention due to their promise for electronic and optoelectronic applications. Several recent studies have focused on the synthesis of GNRs by the bottom-up approaches that could yield very narrow GNRs with atomically precise edges. One type of GNRs that has received a considerable attention is the chevron-like GNR with a very distinct periodic structure. Surface-assisted and solution-based synthetic approaches for the chevron-like GNRs have been developed, but their electronic properties have not been reported yet. In this work, we synthesized chevron-like GNRs in bulk by a solution-based method, characterized them by a number of spectroscopic techniques and measured their bulk conductivity. We demonstrate that solution-synthesized chevron-like GNRs are electrically conductive in bulk, which makes them a potentially promising material for applications in organic electronics and photovoltaics.

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Two-Dimensional Graphene Nanoribbons

Cited by 705 publications

References 30 publications

Towards the understanding of the graphene oxide structure: How to control the formation of humic- and fulvic-like oxidized debris

Towards the understanding of the graphene oxide structure: How to control the formation of humic- and fulvic-like oxidized debris

Interphases in Graphene Polymer‐based Nanocomposites: Achievements and Challenges

Bulk properties of solution-synthesized chevron-like graphene nanoribbons

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