Two-dimensional Echocardiographic Measurements of Left Ventricular Volume and Stroke Volume of Endurance-trained Athletes and Untrained Subjects*

Dickhuth, Hans-Hermann; Nause, A.; Staiger, J; Bonzel, T.; Keul, J.

doi:10.1055/s-2008-1026011

Cited by 46 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Parameters were measured three times, and mean values were used to calculate the LV total diastolic volume (TDV (ml)) and absolute heart volume (AHV (ml)) using the following formulae20:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity throughout life reduces the atherosclerotic wall process in the carotid artery

et al. 2008

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“…Parameters were measured three times, and mean values were used to calculate the LV total diastolic volume (TDV (ml)) and absolute heart volume (AHV (ml)) using the following formulae20:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity throughout life reduces the atherosclerotic wall process in the carotid artery

et al. 2008

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“…Total left ventricular (LV) longitudinal diameter (TLD) was determined in the 4-chamber view. The LV total diastolic volume (TDV [milliliters]) and heart volume (HV [milliliters]) were calculated by the following formula 21 :…”

Section: Echocardiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Right and Left Ventricular Function and Mass in Male Elite Master Athletes

et al. 2016

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Background— It is under debate whether the cumulative effects of intensive endurance exercise induce chronic cardiac damage, mainly involving the right heart. The aim of this study was to examine the cardiac structure and function in long-term elite master endurance athletes with special focus on the right ventricle by contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Methods and Results— Thirty-three healthy white competitive elite male master endurance athletes (age range, 30–60 years) with a training history of 29±8 years, and 33 white control subjects pair-matched for age, height, and weight underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing, echocardiography including tissue-Doppler imaging and speckle tracking, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Indexed left ventricular mass and right ventricular mass (left ventricular mass/body surface area, 96±13 and 62±10 g/m 2 ; P <0.001; right ventricular mass/body surface area, 36±7 and 24±5 g/m 2 ; P <0.001) and indexed left ventricular end-diastolic volume and right ventricular end-diastolic volume (left ventricular end-diastolic volume/body surface area, 104±13 and 69±18 mL/m 2 ; P <0.001; right ventricular end-diastolic volume/body surface area, 110±22 and 66±16 mL/m 2 ; P <0.001) were significantly increased in athletes in comparison with control subjects. Right ventricular ejection fraction did not differ between athletes and control subjects (52±8 and 54±6%; P =0.26). Pathological late enhancement was detected in 1 athlete. No correlations were found for left ventricular and right ventricular volumes and ejection fraction with N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and high-sensitive troponin was negative in all subjects. Conclusions— Based on our results, chronic right ventricular damage in elite endurance master athletes with lifelong high training volumes seems to be unlikely. Thus, the hypothesis of an exercise-induced arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy has to be questioned.

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“…Systolic ejection fraction was calculated using Simpson's rule (biplane). Cardiac size was determined by assessing TEDD 3 /kg (total LV end-diastolic volume per kg of body weight), as previously described in athletes [22]. Pulsed annular Doppler and colour TD were used to determine regional and global diastolic function [23,24].…”

Section: Echocardiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance imaging of myocardial injury and ventricular torsion after marathon running

et al. 2010

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Recent reports provide indirect evidence of myocardial injury and ventricular dysfunction after prolonged exercise. However, existing data is conflicting and lacks direct verification of functional myocardial alterations by CMR [cardiac MR (magnetic resonance)]. The present study sought to examine structural myocardial damage and modification of LV (left ventricular) wall motion by CMR imaging directly after a marathon. Analysis of cTnT (cardiac troponin T) and NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide) serum levels, echocardiography [pulsed-wave and TD (tissue Doppler)] and CMR were performed before and after amateur marathon races in 28 healthy males aged 41 ± 5 years. CMR included LGE (late gadolinium enhancement) and myocardial tagging to assess myocardial injury and ventricular motion patterns. Echocardiography indicated alterations of diastolic filling [decrease in E/A (early transmitral diastolic filling velocity/late transmitral diastolic filling velocity) ratio and E' (tissue Doppler early transmitral diastolic filling velocity)] postmarathon. All participants had a significant increase in NT-proBNP and/or cTnT levels. However, we found no evidence of LV LGE. MR tagging demonstrated unaltered radial shortening, circumferential and longitudinal strain. Myocardial rotation analysis, however, revealed an increase of maximal torsion by 18.3% (13.1 ± 3.8 to 15.5 ± 3.6 °; P=0.002) and maximal torsion velocity by 35% (6.8 ± 1.6 to 9.2 ± 2.5 °·s-1; P<0.001). Apical rotation velocity during diastolic filling was increased by 1.23 ± 0.33 °·s-1 after marathon (P<0.001) in a multivariate analysis adjusted for heart rate, whereas peak untwist rate showed no relevant changes. Although marathon running leads to a transient increase of cardiac biomarkers, no detectable myocardial necrosis was observed as evidenced by LGE MRI (MR imaging). Endurance exercise induces an augmented systolic wringing motion of the myocardium and increased diastolic filling velocities. The stress of marathon running seems to be better described as a burden of myocardial overstimulation rather than cardiac injury.

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Two-dimensional Echocardiographic Measurements of Left Ventricular Volume and Stroke Volume of Endurance-trained Athletes and Untrained Subjects*

Cited by 46 publications

References 5 publications

Physical activity throughout life reduces the atherosclerotic wall process in the carotid artery

Physical activity throughout life reduces the atherosclerotic wall process in the carotid artery

Right and Left Ventricular Function and Mass in Male Elite Master Athletes

Magnetic resonance imaging of myocardial injury and ventricular torsion after marathon running

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