Two-dimensional difference expansion (2D-DE) scheme with a characteristics-based threshold

Al-Qershi, Osamah M.; Khoo, Bee Ee

doi:10.1016/j.sigpro.2012.07.012

Cited by 55 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In the following experiments, the embedding schemes with b ¼ 2, 3, and 4 were adopted for comparison. In Al-Qershi and Khoo's scheme [1], the secret bits were first pre-embedded in the one-level DWT coefficients using the difference expansion method, then the standard deviation of each DWT block of the stego image was computed. If the standard deviation was larger than the threshold th, the block was marked as non-embeddable, otherwise, the block was marked as embeddable.…”

Section: Experimental Results and Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By this approach, the quality of the stego image was improved. In the following experiments, the threshold th was 10, as suggested in [1]. The scheme of Qian et al [24] embedded the secret bits in the JPEG bitstream.…”

Section: Experimental Results and Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To satisfy these requirements, first, a base matrix is built as follows: where I is an identical matrix with a size of m Â m, A is a random matrix with a size of m Â ðn À mÞ, and p ij 2 ½0; 1 (i 2 ½1; m and j 2 ½m þ 1; n). There are two rules for the generation of matrix A, i.e., (1) there is no all-zero row in A and (2) ðn À mÞ P m. The coding matrix, H, is generated by duplicating H base in the diagonal direction, as shown in Fig For a coding block, the proposed DOM embedding algorithm keeps some elements intact and modifies the remaining elements to carry the secret bits. Thus, all of the vectors, Y ¼ ðy 1 ; y 2 ; .…”

Section: Generation Of the Coding Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Reversible data hiding with oriented and minimized distortions using cascading trellis coding

Mao

Fan

Chang

2015

Information Sciences

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Section: Experimental Results and Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Results and Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Generation Of the Coding Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reversible data hiding with oriented and minimized distortions using cascading trellis coding

Mao

Fan

Chang

2015

Information Sciences

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“…So far, several reversible watermarking methods have been presented. Most existing methods belong to three types: difference expansion [1,2,5,8,10,11,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], histogram-shifting [3,9,12,14,15,27,28], and prediction-based methods [4,13,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Difference expansion was introduced by Tian [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction-based reversible image watermarking using artificial neural networks

Afsharizadeh¹,

Mohammadi²

2016

Turk J Elec Eng & Comp Sci

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In prediction-based reversible watermarking schemes, watermark bits are embedded in the prediction errors.An accurate prediction results in smaller prediction errors, more efficient embedding, and less distortion for the watermarked image. In this paper, an accurate prediction is made using artificial neural networks. Before the embedding operation, 2 neural networks are trained by the pixel values of the image. Then the trained neural networks predict the pixel values that are used in the embedding operation. Due to the training ability of the neural networks, the prediction will be more accurate than the averaging technique. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme yields superior results compared to several related schemes.

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“…In Alattar scheme, he has improved Tian's scheme and was embedded several bits into the difference expansion of adjacent pixels vectors [6]. Al-Qershi et al proposed a two-dimensional difference expansion technique to increase the embedding capacity using a threshold [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Histogram-Shifting-Imitated Reversible Data Hiding Scheme

Kim

Yoo

2015

2015 12th International Conference on Information Technology - New Generations

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Wang et al. proposed a histogram shifting imitationbased reversible data hiding scheme in 2013. They used the peak points of image intensity-based segments, instead of utilizing the peak point of an histogram. Their scheme has the limitation of the embedding capacity due to the embedding method. In this paper, we propose an improved data hiding scheme using median edge detection (MED) and hexadecimal exploiting modification direction (EMD). In embedding procedure, a predicted image is generated by using MED. The secret data is embedded into the peak points in segments by using hexadecimal EMD. In experimental results, the embedding capacity of the proposed scheme is superior to that of Wang et al.

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Two-dimensional difference expansion (2D-DE) scheme with a characteristics-based threshold

Cited by 55 publications

References 26 publications

Reversible data hiding with oriented and minimized distortions using cascading trellis coding

Reversible data hiding with oriented and minimized distortions using cascading trellis coding

Prediction-based reversible image watermarking using artificial neural networks

Improved Histogram-Shifting-Imitated Reversible Data Hiding Scheme

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