Boundary forces on beam i on ∂P along the xand y-axis directions. σ Px , τ Px Spatially normalized f i e and f i b along the x-axis direction. 2hThickness of the tire rubber layer.
R o , R iOuter and inner radii of the tire rubber layer cross the tire center line (R o = R i + 2h).
E, G, νYoung's modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio of the tire rubber materials.