Two-Dimensional Constellation Shaping in Fiber-Optic Communications

Qu, Zhen; Djordjević, Ivan B.; Anderson, Jon

doi:10.3390/app9091889

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The geometrical shaping scheme places points in the constellation mapping in non-uniform locations while making each symbol equally probable. However, the probabilistic constellation shaping scheme keeps the location of points of the constellation uniform but makes the probability of each symbol non-uniform which means that each symbol is sent with different probabilities [117]. This is employed in communication to limit the probability of occurrence of the high energy symbols and then increases the signal to noise ratio for all other symbols.…”

Section: Constellation Shapingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Green Prospective of Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) for 5G

et al. 2020

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Energy efficiency is a major concern in the emerging mobile cellular wireless networks since massive connectivity is to be expected with high energy requirements from the network operators. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) being the frontier multiple access scheme for 5G, there exists numerous research attempts on enhancing the energy efficiency of NOMA enabled wireless networks while maintaining its outstanding performance metrics such as high throughput, data rates and capacity maximized optimally.The concept of green NOMA is introduced in a generalized manner to identify the energy efficient NOMA schemes. These schemes will result in an optimal scenario in which the energy generated for communication is managed sustainably. Hence, the effect on the environment, economy, living beings, etc is minimized. The recent research developments are classified for a better understanding of areas which are lacking attention and needs further improvement. Also, the performance comparison of energy efficient, NOMA schemes against conventional NOMA is presented. Finally, challenges and emerging research trends, for energy efficient NOMA are discussed.

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Section: Constellation Shapingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Green Prospective of Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) for 5G

et al. 2020

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“…The PS of input data already provides SNR gain in optical fiber and VLC systems [17], [18], [19]. The optimized constellation points obtained from (4) for uniform input data can be further optimized for non-uniform input data by adapting the concept of hybrid probabilistic shaping and geometric shaping [18], [21]. The PS CSK-1PD constellation points are designed in the confined region of constellation symbols according to the probability of occurrence of symbols.…”

Section: B Objective Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the occurrence of nonfeasible solution the best fitting solution, i.e., the constellation points providing minimum SNR from the potential population set is chosen as the starting point. The solutions obtained by the numeric algorithm depend on the initial estimate of the constellation points (X0) used to start the optimization process [21]. The random starting points must be a strictly feasible constellation points (as shown in Table. 1), fulfilling the optical power and geometric constraint with strict inequality range constraint (as explained in section III).…”

Section: Optimization Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constellation Design for Single Photodetector Based CSK With Probabilistic Shaping and White Color Balance

Anwar

Srivastava

2020

IEEE Access

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Research and development of Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) in Internet-of-things (IoT) has created significant interest among researchers. The low-cost version of standard color shift keying (CSK) modulation scheme having single photodetector (PD) at the receiver can become an alternative to on-off keying (OOK) in IoT sensor networks as an M-ary CSK modulation scheme provides log 2 M times more data rate than that of OOK. This work revolves around optimizing the constellation points of single PD based CSK (CSK-1PD) to achieve a more power-efficient modulation scheme. The optimization has been done with and without average white tone constraint for uniform and non-uniform (exponential, Maxwell-Boltzmann, Pareto) source distributions. The constellation design strategy is based on maximizing the minimum distance among the differently distributed symbols. In the case of non-uniform distributions, the constellations points have been optimized by geometrically shaping the points based on their probabilistic shaping (PS). The optimized constellation points (OCPs) of CSK-1PD without white tone constraint provide higher signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) gain at forward error correction (FEC) limit symbol error rate (SER) as compared with strict white tone constraint. Further, the strict white tone constraint has been relaxed by considering the whole white light region in the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram as white tone. The OCPs for uniform data with relaxed white tone constraint achieves SNR gain similar to without white tone constraint. However, for probabilistically shaped symbols, the SNR gain achieved from OCPs improves from strict white tone constraint but remains less than the without white tone constraint. A novel method to utilize an additional RGB LED at the transmitter side has been proposed and designed to maintain any white tone light in the white light region without degrading the maximum achieved SNR gain.

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“…To compensate for the performance loss, in recent years, a constellation shaping scheme has attracted increasing research attention, which include geometric shaping (GS) [12][13][14][15][16][17], probabilistic shaping (PS) [18][19][20][21][22][23], and hybrid geometric-probabilistic shaping [24][25][26][27]. These different shaping schemes can approach the Shannon limit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Probabilistic-Nyquist Pulse Shaping for an LDPC-Coded 8-PAM Signal in DWDM Data Center Communications

et al. 2019

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M-ary pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) meets the requirements of data center communication because of its simplicity, but coarse entropy granularity cannot meet the dynamic bandwidth demands, and there is a large capacity gap between uniform formats and the Shannon limit. The dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) system is widely used to increase the channel capacity, but low spectral efficiency of the intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) solution restricts the throughput of the modern DWDM data center networks. Probabilistic shaping distribution is a good candidate to offer us a fine entropy granularity and efficiently reduce the gap to the Shannon limit, and Nyquist pulse shaping is widely used to increase the spectral efficiency. We aim toward the joint usage of probabilistic shaping and Nyquist pulse shaping with low-density parity-check (LDPC) coding to improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of 8-PAM signal transmission. We optimized the code rate of the LDPC code and compared different Nyquist pulse shaping parameters using simulations and experiments. We achieved a 0.43 dB gain using Nyquist pulse shaping, and a 1.1 dB gain using probabilistic shaping, while the joint use of probabilistic shaping and Nyquist pulse shaping achieved a 1.27 dB gain, which offers an excellent improvement without upgrading the transceivers.

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Two-Dimensional Constellation Shaping in Fiber-Optic Communications

Cited by 23 publications

References 60 publications

A New Green Prospective of Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) for 5G

A New Green Prospective of Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) for 5G

Constellation Design for Single Photodetector Based CSK With Probabilistic Shaping and White Color Balance

Joint Probabilistic-Nyquist Pulse Shaping for an LDPC-Coded 8-PAM Signal in DWDM Data Center Communications

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