Two-dimensional birefringence measurement technique using a polarization camera

Lane, Connor; Rode, David; Rösgen, Thomas

doi:10.1364/ao.433066

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This is because the CNCs attain more uniform orientations with increasingly strong shear leading to a stronger optical-anisotropy. The magnitude of birefringence obtained was δ n ∼ O(10 −5 ), comparable to the values found in previous studies 26,[43][44][45] . In the experiments, we observed an uneven distribution of birefringence outside ROI-A, which was seen to vary unsteadily.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Examination of flow birefringence induced by the shear components along the optical axis using a parallel-plate-type rheometer

Worby,

Nakamine,

Yokoyama

et al. 2024

Preprint

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In this study, the concept of rheo-optics is applied that explores the flow birefringence caused by stress components along the optical axis of the camera since it is often overlooked in the traditional theories of photoelastic flow measurement. A novel aspect of this research is that it involved conducting polarization measurements on simple shear flows, specifically from a perspective in which a shear-velocity gradient exists along the camera's optical axis. A parallel-plate-type rheometer and a polarization camera are employed for these systematic measurements. The experimental findings for dilute aqueous cellulose nanocrystal suspensions demonstrates that the flow birefringence can be expressed as a power law based on the power of the second invariant of the deformation-rate tensor. This suggests that flow birefringence can be universally characterized by the coordinate-independent invariants and a pre-factor determined by the direction of polarization measurement. By adjusting the nonlinear term in the stress-optic law, its applicability could be expanded to include three-dimensional fluid stress fields in which the stress is distributed along the camera's optical axis.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Examination of flow birefringence induced by the shear components along the optical axis using a parallel-plate-type rheometer

Worby,

Nakamine,

Yokoyama

et al. 2024

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Consequently, ICE enables quantum imaging of whole organ (mouse brain) slices and organisms (zebrafish) with an FOV of up to 7 mm × 4 mm and can be operated in the presence of ambient lighting, thus suitable for practical biological studies. Last, ICE exploits the polarization entanglement of the photon pairs for quantitative quantum birefringence imaging, where the full birefringence properties (including both the birefringence phase retardation and the principal refractive index axis angle) ( 46 – 48 ) of an object can be remotely and instantly quantified without changing the polarization states of the photons incident on the object. The quantum advantages of ICE, therefore, enable the observation of biological specimens under conditions that cannot be satisfied with classical imaging, as well as the remote sensing of full birefringence properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum imaging of biological organisms through spatial and polarization entanglement

Zhang,

He,

Tong

et al. 2024

Sci. Adv.

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Quantum imaging holds potential benefits over classical imaging but has faced challenges such as poor signal-to-noise ratios, low resolvable pixel counts, difficulty in imaging biological organisms, and inability to quantify full birefringence properties. Here, we introduce quantum imaging by coincidence from entanglement (ICE), using spatially and polarization-entangled photon pairs to overcome these challenges. With spatial entanglement, ICE offers higher signal-to-noise ratios, greater resolvable pixel counts, and the ability to image biological organisms. With polarization entanglement, ICE provides quantitative quantum birefringence imaging capability, where both the phase retardation and the principal refractive index axis angle of an object can be remotely and instantly quantified without changing the polarization states of the photons incident on the object. Furthermore, ICE enables 25 times greater suppression of stray light than classical imaging. ICE has the potential to pave the way for quantum imaging in diverse fields, such as life sciences and remote sensing.

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Two-dimensional strain rate imaging study using a polarization camera and birefringent aqueous cellulose nanocrystal suspensions

Lane,

Baumann,

Rode

et al. 2023

Exp Fluids

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The birefringence response of aqueous cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspensions in a two-dimensional laminar flow is measured and studied. The suspensions have CNC concentrations of 1.0 wt% (weight percentage) and 1.2 wt%. Cellulose nanocrystals are optically anisotropic rod-like particles that align when subjected to local velocity gradients, whereas at rest, they remain randomly orientated by Brownian motion. The alignment causes birefringence, a phenomenon also known as flow-induced birefringence. We study the flow through an additively manufactured flow channel and measure the amount of birefringence as well as the position of the refractive index axes by using polarizers and a polarization camera. With the help of reference data published in a previous study (Lane, Rode, et al., 2022a), strain rates are derived from the birefringence measurements and compared with numerical simulations. Two flow situations are studied, a plane Poiseuille flow and the flow around a cosine-shaped constriction. The experimentally derived shear rates for the plane Poiseuille flow are consistent with theoretical and computational results. The derived strain rates for the flow around the cosine-shaped constriction show an unexpected asymmetric profile, with the strain rates in the contraction zone being larger than in the expansion zone. The averaged orientation of the CNCs in the flow is linked to the position of the refractive index axes. In the contraction zone, the CNCs tend to align parallel to the flow, whereas in the expansion zone, the CNCs tend to align perpendicular to the flow. The results of this study are discussed in the context of previous, similar studies. The asymmetric strain rate profile around the cosine-shaped constriction is thought to originate from history effects, and the alignment of the CNCs is influenced by extensional rates.

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Two-dimensional birefringence measurement technique using a polarization camera

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Examination of flow birefringence induced by the shear components along the optical axis using a parallel-plate-type rheometer

Examination of flow birefringence induced by the shear components along the optical axis using a parallel-plate-type rheometer

Quantum imaging of biological organisms through spatial and polarization entanglement

Two-dimensional strain rate imaging study using a polarization camera and birefringent aqueous cellulose nanocrystal suspensions

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