Two different courses of impaired cervical kinaesthesia following a whiplash injury. A one-year prospective study

Neck motion, motor control, pain and disability: A longitudinal study of associations in neck pain patients in physiotherapy treatment

“…Of the trajectory tests, only one of the Fly tests and two of FOE tests were associated with changes in neck disability, which underlines the uncertainty of the longitudinal association between trajectory movement control and neck disability. This finding is in accordance with Oddsdottir et al who found no association between improved trajectory movement control and neck disability in whiplash patients during a 12 months follow-up (Oddsdottir and Kristjansson, 2012). They did however find an association with neck disability in patients who did not improve their performance in the Fly test.…”

“…This suggests that the different outcomes measure distinct aspects of recovery in neck pain subjects, in line with a study that found no associations between disability and the Fly test in whiplash patients (Oddsdottir and Kristjansson, 2012). The independent prognostic value of this test is promising (study 4), but the inconsistency between the different Fly tests and the lack of associations between changes in this test and global perceived effect warrants further research before the test is implemented in clinical practice.…”

“…The prognostic value of tests for trajectory movement control is unknown. A study of whiplash patients showed two different courses for performance in the Fly test during a follow-up period of one year, but they were not related to subjective clinical characteristics (Oddsdottir and Kristjansson, 2012). More research is needed to evaluate the clinical application of tests for trajectory movement control, especially as these tests require expensive equipment to assess different aspects of performance.…”

Dizziness, Unsteadiness, Visual Disturbances, and Sensorimotor Control in Traumatic Neck Pain

“…These authors also found that these impairments did not specifically relate to other signs and symptoms associated with WAD and seem to either develop over time or persist. 76 Woodhouse et al, 132 using a stationary movement pattern, also demonstrated decreased accuracy in individuals with WAD compared to a control group and individuals with INP. Recently, accuracy in following a moving target in a virtual environment has been shown to be somewhat sensitive and specific to those with neck pain.…”

Cervical motor dysfunction and its predictive value for long-term recovery in patients with acute whiplash-associated disorders: A systematic review

“…The presence of CxMDs, such as reduced active range of movement (aROM), altered muscle activation patterns and disturbed kinaesthesia, was investigated in 4 out of 5 cohorts within 6 weeks after the whiplash trauma (5,(22)(23)(24)(25)27). The aROM was examined in 2 out of the 5 cohorts (5,22,27), cervical kinaesthesia was evaluated in 2 cohorts (5,25,27), muscle activity in the upper trapezius muscles was described in 1 cohort (23,24) and the activity of the superficial neck flexors was assessed in 1 cohort (5,27). To evaluate the course of CxMDs in WAD, the patients of 4 cohorts were followed up to 3 months or 2-3 years post-whiplash trauma (5,(22)(23)(24)(25)(26).…”