“…The Newton–Cotes quadrature scheme can be divided into closed and open approaches, depending on whether the function values at the end points are included. Following the closed approach, different quadrature rules used for DO derivatives include the trapezoid rule [ 56 , 87 , 106 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 ], the Simpson’s rule [ 87 , 106 , 111 , 112 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 ], and the Boole’s rule [ 122 ]. All these schemes are also associated with different orders of convergence.…”