Two contemporaneous mitogenomes from terminal Pleistocene burials in eastern Beringia

Tackney, Justin; Potter, Ben A.; Raff, Jennifer; Powers, Michael D.; Watkins, W. Scott; Warner, Derek; Reuther, Joshua D.; Irish, Joel D.; O’Rourke, Dennis H.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1511903112

Cited by 55 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…For example, Alaskan archaeological sites including Swan Point, Mead, Broken Mammoth, Tuluaq, and Dry Creek, which were occupied from ∼14,000 to 11,500 cal y BP, feature a variety of projectile technologies, sometimes associated with microblade industries (39). Similar microblade technologies are present at Vermilion Lakes (Banff National Park) and Charlie Lake Cave by ∼11,500 cal y BP (28,40,41). In addition, human genetic data from Upward Sun River, Alaska, show founding New World mitochondrial haplotypes B2 and C1b in Alaska at ∼11,500 cal y BP.…”

Section: Consequences Of the Postglacial Corridor Chronology For Nortmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…In addition, human genetic data from Upward Sun River, Alaska, show founding New World mitochondrial haplotypes B2 and C1b in Alaska at ∼11,500 cal y BP. Small, isolated groups of people may therefore have continued to disperse from Beringia to interior North America well after the corridor region opened (14,16,41,42).…”

Section: Consequences Of the Postglacial Corridor Chronology For Nortmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bison phylogeography constrains dispersal and viability of the Ice Free Corridor in western Canada

Heintzman

Froese

Ives

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

148

133

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The Ice Free Corridor has been invoked as a route for Pleistocene human and animal dispersals between eastern Beringia and more southerly areas of North America. Despite the significance of the corridor, there are limited data for when and how this corridor was used. Hypothetical uses of the corridor include: the first expansion of humans from Beringia into the Americas, northward postglacial expansions of fluted point technologies into Beringia, and continued use of the corridor as a contact route between the north and south. Here, we use radiocarbon dates and ancient mitochondrial DNA from late Pleistocene bison fossils to determine the chronology for when the corridor was open and viable for biotic dispersals. The corridor was closed after ∼23,000 until 13,400 calendar years ago (cal y BP), after which we find the first evidence, to our knowledge, that bison used this route to disperse from the south, and by 13,000 y from the north. Our chronology supports a habitable and traversable corridor by at least 13,000 cal y BP, just before the first appearance of Clovis technology in interior North America, and indicates that the corridor would not have been available for significantly earlier southward human dispersal. Following the opening of the corridor, multiple dispersals of human groups between Beringia and interior North America may have continued throughout the latest Pleistocene and early Holocene. Our results highlight the utility of phylogeographic analyses to test hypotheses about paleoecological history and the viability of dispersal routes over time.

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Section: Consequences Of the Postglacial Corridor Chronology For Nortmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Consequences Of the Postglacial Corridor Chronology For Nortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bison phylogeography constrains dispersal and viability of the Ice Free Corridor in western Canada

Heintzman

Froese

Ives

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

148

133

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“…radically because of drift in small populations over time (15), such a mitochondrial genome discontinuity might simply be the result of the limited number of complete mitochondrial genomes analyzed from the area, particularly from ancient individuals (16). Thus, because the mitochondrial genome can describe only part of the ancestral genetic history of the Northwest Coast, we extended the analyses to the entire genome to test alternative hypotheses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient individuals from the North American Northwest Coast reveal 10,000 years of regional genetic continuity

Lindo

Achilli

Perego

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

103

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Recent genomic studies of both ancient and modern indigenous people of the Americas have shed light on the demographic processes involved during the first peopling. The Pacific Northwest Coast proves an intriguing focus for these studies because of its association with coastal migration models and genetic ancestral patterns that are difficult to reconcile with modern DNA alone. Here, we report the low-coverage genome sequence of an ancient individual known as “Shuká Káa” (“Man Ahead of Us”) recovered from the On Your Knees Cave (OYKC) in southeastern Alaska (archaeological site 49-PET-408). The human remains date to ∼10,300 calendar (cal) y B.P. We also analyze low-coverage genomes of three more recent individuals from the nearby coast of British Columbia dating from ∼6,075 to 1,750 cal y B.P. From the resulting time series of genetic data, we show that the Pacific Northwest Coast exhibits genetic continuity for at least the past 10,300 cal y B.P. We also infer that population structure existed in the late Pleistocene of North America with Shuká Káa on a different ancestral line compared with other North American individuals from the late Pleistocene or early Holocene (i.e., Anzick-1 and Kennewick Man). Despite regional shifts in mtDNA haplogroups, we conclude from individuals sampled through time that people of the northern Northwest Coast belong to an early genetic lineage that may stem from a late Pleistocene coastal migration into the Americas.

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“…Recently, two mtDNA subclades, C1b and B2, were identified in human remains recovered from an archeological site in central Alaska ( Upward Sun River ). This site was assigned to a younger version of the microblade industry (Denali complex) that was widespread in Beringia during the Younger Dryas cold interval (∼12,800‐11,300 cal BP) . Tamm and colleagues assigned both subclades to the Beringian standstill population, which is not consistent with the view that the microblade industry was brought to Beringia by people from Central Siberia after the LGM.…”

Section: Post‐lgm Beringia and Human Settlement Of The Americasmentioning

confidence: 94%

Beringia and the global dispersal of modern humans

Hoffecker¹,

Elias²,

O’Rourke³

et al. 2016

Evolutionary Anthropology

139

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Until recently, the settlement of the Americas seemed largely divorced from the out-of-Africa dispersal of anatomically modern humans, which began at least 50,000 years ago. Native Americans were thought to represent a small subset of the Eurasian population that migrated to the Western Hemisphere less than 15,000 years ago. Archeological discoveries since 2000 reveal, however, that Homo sapiens occupied the high-latitude region between Northeast Asia and northwest North America (that is, Beringia) before 30,000 years ago and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The settlement of Beringia now appears to have been part of modern human dispersal in northern Eurasia. A 2007 model, the Beringian Standstill Hypothesis, which is based on analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in living people, derives Native Americans from a population that occupied Beringia during the LGM. The model suggests a parallel between ancestral Native Americans and modern human populations that retreated to refugia in other parts of the world during the arid LGM. It is supported by evidence of comparatively mild climates and rich biota in south-central Beringia at this time (30,000-15,000 years ago). These and other developments suggest that the settlement of the Americas may be integrated with the global dispersal of modern humans.

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Two contemporaneous mitogenomes from terminal Pleistocene burials in eastern Beringia

Cited by 55 publications

References 50 publications

Bison phylogeography constrains dispersal and viability of the Ice Free Corridor in western Canada

Bison phylogeography constrains dispersal and viability of the Ice Free Corridor in western Canada

Ancient individuals from the North American Northwest Coast reveal 10,000 years of regional genetic continuity

Beringia and the global dispersal of modern humans

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