Two-colour pump–probe experiments with a twin-pulse-seed extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser

Allaria, E.; Bencivenga, Filippo; Borghes, Roberto; Capotondi, Flavio; Castronovo, D.; Charalambous, P.; Cinquegrana, Paolo; Danailov, M. B.; Ninno, G. De; Demidovich, Alexander; Mitri, S. Di; Diviacco, B.; Fausti, Daniele; Fawley, William M.; Ferrari, Eugenio; Froehlich, L.; Gauthier, David; Gessini, Alessandro; Giannessi, L.; Ivanov, Rosen; Кискинова, М.; Kurdi, G.; Mahieu, B.; Mahne, Nicola; Nikolov, Ivaylo; Masciovecchio, C.; Pedersoli, Emanuele; Penco, G.; Raimondi, Lorenzo; Serpico, C.; Sigalotti, Paolo; Spampinati, S.; Spezzani, C.; Svetina, Cristian; Trovò, M.; Zangrando, Marco

doi:10.1038/ncomms3476

Cited by 168 publications

(114 citation statements)

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“…Besides having the potential to produce fully coherent, transform-limited pulses [24], the scheme offers a natural way to control the spectrotemporal and spatial properties of the FEL pulse, by shaping the seed [25,26]. Furthermore, fine control over the output wavelengths in double-color operation can be achieved, either by using a single seed and a strongly chirped e-beam [27], or by using two seed lasers operating at different wavelengths [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation Studies for the FERMI Free-Electron Laser

et al. 2017

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Studying ultrafast processes on the nanoscale with element specificity requires a powerful femtosecond source of tunable extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) or x-ray radiation, such as a free-electron laser (FEL). Current efforts in FEL development are aimed at improving the wavelength tunability and multicolor operation, which will potentially lead to the development of new characterization techniques offering a higher chemical sensitivity and improved spatial resolution. One of the most promising approaches is the echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG), where two external seed lasers are used to precisely control the spectro-temporal properties of the FEL pulse. Here, we study the expected performance of EEHG at the FERMI FEL, using numerical simulations. We show that, by employing the existing FERMI layout with minor modifications, the EEHG scheme will be able to produce gigawatt peak-power pulses at wavelengths as short as 5 nm. We discuss some possible detrimental effects that may affect the performance of EEHG and compare the results to the existing double-stage FEL cascade, currently in operation at FERMI. Finally, our simulations show that, after substantial machine upgrades, EEHG has the potential to deliver coherent multicolor pulses reaching wavelengths as short as 3 nm, enabling x-ray pump-x-ray probe experiments in the water window.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FEL-1 is based on a single HGHG stage that can deliver stable pulses at wavelengths as short as~20 nm [8], and can operate in the two-color mode [10,28]. FEL-2 consists of two HGHG stages and can operate at wavelengths down to 4 nm [34]; however, the double-stage design makes it difficult to fully exploit two-color operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation Studies for the FERMI Free-Electron Laser

et al. 2017

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“…Some of the initially proposed designs [19][20][21] were based on the use of staggered undulator magnets with different values of deflecting parameters to achieve lasing at two distinct wavelengths [22][23][24][25][26][27], an idea recently revisited and demonstrated in the x rays' range at the FEL Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) [8,11]. Another option, recently demonstrated at the FERMI soft x-ray seeded FEL [10], involves the use of either a chirped or a two-color seed laser [13,14]. A different approach is to inject in the undulator a multienergy electron beam [28] resonating at two different wavelengths, allowing the control of frequency and time separation ranges of the FEL pulse, while maintaining similar saturated power levels and minimal undulator length [12,15,29], as done at SPARC (Sorgente Pulsata e Amplificata di Radiazione Coerente).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Free-electron lasers (FELs) [7][8][9][10] are considered among the most performing radiation sources. Experiments on dual frequency production have been recently carried out on them with different methods [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] in various regimes of radiation frequency. Some of the initially proposed designs [19][20][21] were based on the use of staggered undulator magnets with different values of deflecting parameters to achieve lasing at two distinct wavelengths [22][23][24][25][26][27], an idea recently revisited and demonstrated in the x rays' range at the FEL Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) [8,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-color free-electron laser with two orthogonal undulators

Dattoli

Mirian

Palma

et al. 2014

Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams

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We discuss a two-color self-amplified spontaneous emission free-electron laser (FEL) amplifier where the emission is obtained from two orthogonally polarized undulators with different periods and field intensities. Nonaveraged and averaged equations are compared. The two radiations have not only different frequencies, but also different polarizations, while the total length of the device does not change with respect to usual single-color FELs. The wavelengths of two different colors can be changed by choosing different periods, while variation in the magnetic strengths can be used to modify the gain lengths.

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“…The FEL pulse can be split by an optical delay-line device for longer delay times up to the nanosecond range. A different method to generate double FEL pulses, even with slightly different energies, is to seed different parts of the electron bunch and therefore obtain two independent pulses with a delay time of a few hundreds of femtoseconds, as shown at FERMI [32]. Furthermore, THz radiation can serve as a pump.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ultrafast Dynamics of Magnetic Domain Structures Probed by Coherent Free-Electron Laser Light

Müller

Schleitzer

Gutt

et al. 2013

Synchrotron Radiation News

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2 INTRODUCTIONThe free-electron laser (FEL) sources FLASH in Hamburg, LCLS at Stanford and FERMI in Trieste provide XUV to soft x-ray radiation (FLASH and FERMI) or soft to hard x-ray radiation (LCLS) with unprecedented parameters in terms of ultrashort pulse length, high photon flux, and coherence. These properties make FELs ideal tools for studying ultrafast dynamics in matter on a previously unaccessible level. This paper reviews first results obtained at FEL sources during the last years in the field of magnetism research. We start with pioneering experiments at FLASH demonstrating the feasibility of magnetic scattering at FELs [1,2], then present pump-probe scattering experiments [3,4] as well as the first FEL magnetic imaging experiments [5], and finally discuss a limitation of the scattering methods due to a quenching of the magnetic scattering signal by high-fluence FEL pulses [6]. All of the presented experiments exploit the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism effect [7,8] to obtain element-specific magnetic scattering contrast, as known from synchrotron experiments [9][10][11][12].One of the key problems in modern magnetism research, ultrafast demagnetization discovered by Beaurepaire in 1996 [13], acts on time scales of a few 100 fs, which are not accessible at standard synchrotron radiation sources. Since its discovery, ultrafast demagnetization was studied using optical femtosecond lasers, for a review see e. g.[14], and femtoslicing sources [15] at storage ring sources [16,17]. In both cases, spatial resolution is limited due to wavelength or flux limitations. In contrast, FELs combine high time resolution, element selectivity, and the spatial resolving power of xrays with high photon flux and excellent coherence properties. FEL sources, therefore, promise a pivotal step forward in the investigation of ultrafast phenomena on nanometer length scales. The rapid development of the FELs with respect to even shorter pulses, increased pulse stability, and special double-pulse schemes, e. g. for ultrafast movies [18], will open up exciting new opportunities in the field of material science. RESONANT SCATTERING FROM MAGNETIC DOMAIN SYSTEMSThe very first proof-of-principle resonant magnetic scattering experiment at x-ray FEL sources was carried out at FLASH in Hamburg [1]. In 2009 FLASH covered a photon energy range in the fundamental from 6.5 up to 50 nm with the routinely used cobalt L 3 -edge at 1.59 nm out of reach. However, by using the higher harmonics of the radiation 3 shorter wave length can be reached on the expense of photon flux. In this experiment FLASH was fine tuned to a fundamental wave length of 7.97 nm which results in the fifth harmonic located at the cobalt L 3 -edge. The scattering pattern from magnetic domains of a cobalt/palladium multilayer system with a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and typical domain widths in the 100 nm range was recorded. This demonstrated that magnetic scattering as it is performed at synchrotron radiation sources is feasible at FELs. However, the fifth harmo...

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Two-colour pump–probe experiments with a twin-pulse-seed extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser

Cited by 168 publications

References 38 publications

Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation Studies for the FERMI Free-Electron Laser

Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation Studies for the FERMI Free-Electron Laser

Two-color free-electron laser with two orthogonal undulators

Ultrafast Dynamics of Magnetic Domain Structures Probed by Coherent Free-Electron Laser Light

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