Two coexisting liquid phases in switchable ionic liquids

Abstract

Switchable ionic liquids are attractive in gas capture, separations, and nanomaterial synthesis.

From atoms to aerosols: probing clusters and nanoparticles with synchrotron based mass spectrometry and X-ray spectroscopy

“…25 This device, which has a tiny orifice (2-3 microns), allows for sampling directly the gas phase molecules emanating from the liquid underneath, while maintaining vacuum in the mass spectrometer. We have applied this method to probe phase changes in ionic liquids 26 and dynamic electrochemistry in a Li2S8 battery.…”

“…33,34 Understanding the changes in electronic structure that occur in the ionic clusters is critical to unveil their structure and function and is important in cloud nucleation in the earth's atmosphere, 35 radiation biology, 36 and catalysis. 37 Furthermore, they can act as model systems for understanding non-covalent interactions 38 and their effects on chemical reactivity, for instance in heterogeneous catalysis, 39 ionic liquids, 40 and aerosol chemistry. 41 We have investigated proton and charge transfer in hydrogen bonded, π-stacked and solvated systems using synchrotron based molecular beams mass spectrometry coupled with electronic structure calculations performed within the group and also with extensive collaborations with Martin Head-Gordon (UC Berkeley) and Anna Krylov (USC).…”

Dark air–liquid interfacial chemistry of glyoxal and hydrogen peroxide

“…Details about the SALVI fabrication and installation were described in our previous papers. [25][26][27][28][29] Our unique microfluidic design ensures that water does not spill out from the aperture and high vacuum is maintained during analysis. 26,27 After oxidation at different time intervals, the device was assembled on the sample stage and analyzed in a ToF-SIMS V-100 instrument (IONTOF GmbH, Münster, Germany).…”

“…In order to map the organic compounds, a 25 KeV Bi 3 + primary ion beam was used; multiple 2µm diameter apertures were drilled through the SiN membrane for direct observation of liquid surfaces. 25,31,49 Dark and UV-aging experiment Aqueous solution of glyoxal (5 mM) and hydrogen peroxide (20 mM) were prepared in DI water. Then solutions were injected into the device by a syringe pump.…”

“…We developed a unique liquid-vacuum interfacial analysis technique, [25][26][27][28][29] namely system for analysis at the liquid-vacuum interface (SALVI), and enabled in situ time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). We recently demonstrated that in situ liquid SIMS can be used to study the a-l interface in photochemical ultraviolet (UV) aging conditions simulated by the vacuum-liquid interface.…”