Two cases of Schizophyllum asthma: Is this a new clinical entity or a precursor of ABPM?

Ogawa, Haruhiko; Fujimura, Masaki; Takeuchi, Yasuo; Makimura, Koichi

doi:10.1016/j.pupt.2011.04.030

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…It is known that basidiomycetous molds chronically colonizing the lung can precipitate invasive disease and/or sensitize individuals to fungal antigens, leading to allergic fungal cough, allergic sinusitis, asthma, and ABPM (13,(26)(27)(28)(29). In the present study, these molds were most frequently identified as asymptomatic colonizers in patients with respiratory ailments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Clinical Significance and Molecular Characterization of Nonsporulating Molds Isolated from the Respiratory Tracts of Bronchopulmonary Mycosis Patients with Special Reference to Basidiomycetes

et al. 2013

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dNonsporulating molds (NSMs), especially basidiomycetes, have predominantly been reported as human pathogens responsible for allergic and invasive disease. Their conventional identification is problematic, as many isolates remain sterile in culture. Thus, inconclusive culture reports might adversely affect treatment decisions. The clinical significance of NSMs in pulmonary mycoses is poorly understood. We sequenced the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and D1/D2 domain of the larger subunit (LSU) of 52 NSMs isolated from respiratory specimens. The basidiomycetes were the predominant NSMs, of which Schizophyllum commune was the most common agent in allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (ABPM), followed by Ceriporia lacerata in invasive fungal disease. Porostereum spadiceum, Phanaerochaete stereoides, Neosartorya fischeri, and Marasmiellus palmivorus were the other molds observed. Application of ITS and LSU region sequencing identified 92% of the isolates. The antifungal susceptibility data revealed that all basidiomycetes tested were susceptible to amphotericin B and resistant to caspofungin, fluconazole, and flucytosine. Except for 3 isolates of S. commune and a solitary isolate of M. palmivorus, all basidiomycetes had low MICs for itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole. Basidiomycetes were isolated from patients with ABPM, invasive pulmonary mycosis/pneumonia, or fungal balls. In addition, the majority of the basidiomycetes were isolated from patients with chronic respiratory disorders who were sensitized to one of the basidiomycetous fungi and demonstrated precipitating antibodies against the incriminating fungi, indicating an indolent tissue reaction. Thus, isolation of basidiomycetes from the lower respiratory tract could be significant, and it is important to monitor these patients in order to prevent subsequent lung damage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Clinical Significance and Molecular Characterization of Nonsporulating Molds Isolated from the Respiratory Tracts of Bronchopulmonary Mycosis Patients with Special Reference to Basidiomycetes

et al. 2013

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“…The factors that influence the risk of asthma have been divided into those that cause the development of asthma and those that trigger asthma symptoms. It is known that fungi involved in outdoor allergens are important as environmental factors, and our recent studies suggested that S. commune is an important candidate organism acting as a causative fungal antigen of bronchial asthma [9] similar to Trichophyton species [17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recently encountered two cases of asthma caused by Schizophyllum commune (S. commune, "suehirotake" in Japanese) [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Schizophyllum commune on Asthma Severity

Ogawa

Fujimura

Takeuchi

et al. 2011

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The sensitization and exposure to fungal allergens have been reported to be associated with asthma. The aim of this study was to clarify the impact of sensitization to Schizophyllum commune (S. commune) on the severity and exacerbations of asthma.Ninety-two patients with asthma of various levels of severity (mild (n=18), moderate (28), and severe (46)) and exacerbation severity (moderate (n=43) and severe (6)), were retrospectively examined with regard to fungal sensitization such as specific IgE or intradermal skin reactions against S. commune and other common allergens. We also classified the patients into 3 groups; 1) 3 or more asthma attacks during the past 1 year (F-BA) (n=29), 2) one or two asthma attacks (NF-BA) (n=20), and 3) no asthma attack (C-BA) (n=43).The positive rate of late cutaneous reactions to S. commune was higher in patients with severe asthma (41.2%) than moderate (26.1%) and mild asthma (6.7%), and was significantly different among the three groups (p<0.05). Though the ratio did not show significant difference between the patients having a severe (83.3%) and moderate (36.1%) exacerbation, it was higher in F-BA (60.9 %) than in NF-BA (21.1%) and C-BA patients (10.0%), and it was significantly different among the three groups (p=0.0002). A multivariate analysis identified positive results for late phase skin 4 reactions to S. commune and the age of the patients as an independent determinant of asthma severity, and the skin results and %FVC an independent determinant of exacerbation frequency.This study demonstrated that S. commune is an environmental fungus that appears to enhance both the severity of asthma and the exacerbation frequency.

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“…It also has been studied for many years as a model for understanding mating interactions (8,9). In recent years, S. commune has become clinically relevant as an etiological agent of respiratory infections in humans (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). However, it has been reported to be an etiological agent of other types of infections and conditions, such as a brain abscess (16,17), meningitis (18), an eye infection (19), palate ulceration (20), and onychomycosis (21).…”

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Schizophyllum radiatum, an Emerging Fungus from Human Respiratory Tract

et al. 2016

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Schizophyllum is an important genus of basidiomycetes that, apart from being of genetic and biotechnological interest, is also reported to be a plant and animal pathogen. Schizophyllum commune is the best-known species and the only one reported from clinical specimens thus far, being recovered mainly from the respiratory tract. The aim of this study was to determine the species diversity of 23 clinical isolates of Schizophyllum from the United States using multilocus phylogenetic analysis and their in vitro susceptibilities to six drugs. The markers used for sequencing were the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), a portion of the nuclear large subunit (LSU) of ribosomal DNA, the RNA polymerase II second-largest subunit (RPB2), and the translation elongation factor 1␣ (EF-1␣) gene. The analyses revealed that 22 of the clinical isolates were in the Schizophyllum radiatum clade with high support values and 1 isolate was in the S. commune clade. This is the first report of this species in clinical samples. The two species mentioned above showed very similar morphological features in culture (i.e., white, cottony, unsporulated colonies composed of hyphae with clamp connections), making morphological discrimination between the two impossible. An epitype is designed for S. radiatum, and its sequences have been deposited in GenBank. The antifungal that showed the greatest in vitro activity against the strains tested was shown to be amphotericin B. In general, the strains of S. radiatum showed higher MICs than S. commune. S chizophyllum (Schizophyllaceae, Agaricales) comprises one of the most commonly found mushrooms on the planet (1). The most common species of the genus is Schizophyllum commune, a ubiquitous fungus well-known as a wood decay organism able to cause white rot (1, 2) but also by its biotechnological applications (3). It has been used as an ethanol producer (4), and some of its metabolites have anticancer (5) and antimicrobial (6, 7) properties. It also has been studied for many years as a model for understanding mating interactions (8, 9). In recent years, S. commune has become clinically relevant as an etiological agent of respiratory infections in humans (10-15). However, it has been reported to be an etiological agent of other types of infections and conditions, such as a brain abscess (16, 17), meningitis (18), an eye infection (19), palate ulceration (20), and onychomycosis (21). Infections have also been reported in other mammals (22-24) and in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals (25,26).The most effective treatment options for infections by S. commune are yet to be determined, although various treatment modalities have been used (14,(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). Most susceptibility patterns for these fungi are restricted to individual cases; however, studies by Gonzalez et al. (30) and Chowdhary et al. (31) with 5 and 26 strains, respectively, indicated that amphotericin B (AMB), itraconazole (ITC), and voriconazole (VRC) had good in vitro activity against the isolates tested, while elev...

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Two cases of Schizophyllum asthma: Is this a new clinical entity or a precursor of ABPM?

Cited by 26 publications

References 25 publications

Clinical Significance and Molecular Characterization of Nonsporulating Molds Isolated from the Respiratory Tracts of Bronchopulmonary Mycosis Patients with Special Reference to Basidiomycetes

Clinical Significance and Molecular Characterization of Nonsporulating Molds Isolated from the Respiratory Tracts of Bronchopulmonary Mycosis Patients with Special Reference to Basidiomycetes

The Influence of Schizophyllum commune on Asthma Severity

Schizophyllum radiatum, an Emerging Fungus from Human Respiratory Tract

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