Two Cases of Keratitis and Corneal Ulcers Caused by
            <i>Burkholderia gladioli</i>

Lestin, F.; Kraak, Robert; Podbielski, Andreas

doi:10.1128/jcm.02442-07

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Four CF isolates from the same children's CF center compared by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (13) exhibited unique patterns, as did 17 isolates from patients with CF and 1 isolate from a patient without CF in the same pulmonary medicine department compared by using XbaI and SpeI macrorestriction analysis by PFGE (17). Conversely, isolates recovered from two patients with corneal ulcers in the same department of ophthalmology displayed identical SpeI macrorestriction profiles, but the patients were unrelated and a common source of infection could not be identified (19). In the present study, 18 respiratory isolates recovered from patients with CF and patients without CF in 12 different care units were compared by XbaI macrorestriction analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spectrum of infections caused by B. gladioli includes respiratory tract infections (5,12,23), septicemia (12,23,25), abscesses (15), osteomyelitis (4), keratitis (19,22), and adenitis (12). In contrast to the closely related Burkholderia cepacia complex species, B. gladioli was not initially considered to be virulent in patients with CF (5); but it was later associated with acute respiratory tract infections (2), abscesses (15), posttransplantation septicemia (16,18), and lymph node infections (17).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Microbiological and Epidemiological Features of Clinical Respiratory Isolates of Burkholderia gladioli

et al. 2009

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Burkholderia gladioli, primarily known as a plant pathogen, is involved in human infections, especially in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). In the present study, the first respiratory isolates recovered from 14 French patients with CF and 4 French patients without CF, identified by 16S rRNA gene analysis, were tested for growth on B. cepacia selective media, for identification by commercial systems, and for their antimicrobial susceptibilities, and were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Patients' data were collected. All 18 isolates grew on oxidation-fermentation-polymyxin B-bacitracin-lactose medium and Pseudomonas cepacia agar, but only 13 grew on Burkholderia cepacia selective agar. API 20NE strips did not differentiate B. gladioli from B. cepacia, whereas Vitek 2 GN cards correctly identified 15 isolates. All isolates were susceptible to piperacillin, imipenem, aminoglycosides, and ciprofloxacin and were far less resistant to ticarcillin than B. cepacia complex organisms. Fifteen PFGE types were observed among the 18 isolates, but shared types were not identified among epidemiologically related patients. The microbiological follow-up of CF patients showed that colonization was persistent in 3 of 13 documented cases; B. gladioli was isolated from posttransplantation cultures of blood from 1 patient. Among the patients without CF, B. gladioli was associated with intubation (three cases) or bronchiectasis (one case). In summary, the inclusion of B. gladioli in the databases of commercial identification systems should improve the diagnostic capabilities of those systems. In CF patients, this organism is more frequently involved in transient infections than in chronic infections, but it may be responsible for complications posttransplantation; patient-to-patient transmission has not been demonstrated to date. Lastly, B. gladioli appears to be naturally susceptible to aminoglycosides and ciprofloxacin, although resistant isolates may emerge in the course of chronic infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Microbiological and Epidemiological Features of Clinical Respiratory Isolates of Burkholderia gladioli

et al. 2009

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“…127 Anecdotal cases of infections due to B. gladioli in immunocompromised patients, 128,129 or with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), 130,131 were cited. The spectrum of infections included pneumonia, 129,132 abscesses, 132 septicemia, 128 osteomyelitis, 131 keratitis, 133,134 and adenitis. 129 Although B. gladioli was initially not considered a significant pathogen in CF, subsequent reports of acute respiratory tract infections, 135 empyema, 136 abscesses, 132,137 septicemia post-LT, 136,138,139 and lymph node infections 139 in CF patients were reported.…”

Section: B Pyrrocinia (Genomovar Ix)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Burkholderia cepaciaComplex: Impact on the Cystic Fibrosis Lung Lesion

Lynch

2009

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

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Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a group of phenotypically similar nonfermenting, aerobic, gram-negative rods that infect 2 to 8% of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Bcc comprises several distinct species (formerly termed genomovars). Infection with Bcc has been associated with worse outcomes and survival in CF patients. Additionally, colonization with Bcc has been associated with heightened mortality following lung transplantation. Currently, the role of lung transplantation in Bcc-infected patients remains controversial. Antimicrobial therapy for Bcc is often ineffective because most strains are multidrug resistant. Combination therapy with two or three agents is typically administered, but optimal therapy has not been elucidated. Certain strains (particularly B. cenocepacia) have been associated with heightened transmissibility and virulence. Several genes or gene products have important roles in virulence, persistence of the organism(s), and transmissibility. The incidence of Bcc and specific species fluctuates over time and between centers. Bcc can be transmitted by social contact, and several major epidemic strains have disseminated globally. Strict infection control measures, including cohorting (segregation) of infected patients, dramatically curtail transmission and have become the standard of care, but such measures cause social isolation, stigmatism, and psychological impact among infected patients.

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“…These resistance mechanisms include: changes to the cytoplasmic membrane in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (Dorrer and Teuber, 1977; Peschel et al, 2001), alterations to teichoic acids in Gram-positive bacteria (Peschel et al, 1999) and LPS in Gram-negative bacteria (Vaara et al, 1981), efflux pumps (Shafer et al, 1998), proteases (Stumpe et al, 1998; Guina et al, 2000; Caldas et al, 2002; Belas et al, 2004), exopolysaccharides (Benincasa et al, 2009; Foschiatti et al, 2009), capsule polysaccharides (Campos et al, 2004; Spinosa et al, 2007; Llobet et al, 2008), modification of intracellular antimicrobial peptide targets (Vizán et al, 1991), and the coordination of resistance mechanisms through transcriptional regulation (Gunn and Miller, 1996; Guo et al, 1997; Humphreys et al, 1999; McPhee et al, 2003; Winfield et al, 2005; Kraus et al, 2008). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme antimicrobial peptide and polymyxin B resistance in the genus Burkholderia

Loutet

Valvano

2011

Front. Cell. Inf. Microbio.

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Cationic antimicrobial peptides and polymyxins are a group of naturally occurring antibiotics that can also possess immunomodulatory activities. They are considered a new source of antibiotics for treating infections by bacteria that are resistant to conventional antibiotics. Members of the genus Burkholderia, which includes various human pathogens, are inherently resistant to antimicrobial peptides. The resistance is several orders of magnitude higher than that of other Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This review summarizes our current understanding of antimicrobial peptide and polymyxin B resistance in the genus Burkholderia. These bacteria possess major and minor resistance mechanisms that will be described in detail. Recent studies have revealed that many other emerging Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens may also be inherently resistant to antimicrobial peptides and polymyxins and we propose that Burkholderia sp. are a model system to investigate the molecular basis of the resistance in extremely resistant bacteria. Understanding resistance in these types of bacteria will be important if antimicrobial peptides come to be used regularly for the treatment of infections by susceptible bacteria because this may lead to increased resistance in the species that are currently susceptible and may also open up new niches for opportunistic pathogens with high inherent resistance.

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Two Cases of Keratitis and Corneal Ulcers Caused by Burkholderia gladioli

Cited by 14 publications

References 26 publications

Microbiological and Epidemiological Features of Clinical Respiratory Isolates of Burkholderia gladioli

Microbiological and Epidemiological Features of Clinical Respiratory Isolates of Burkholderia gladioli

Burkholderia cepaciaComplex: Impact on the Cystic Fibrosis Lung Lesion

Extreme antimicrobial peptide and polymyxin B resistance in the genus Burkholderia

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