Two cases of anticholinergic syndrome associated with consumption of bitter lupin flour

Pingault, Nevada; Gibbs, R.A.; Barclay, Alexander M.; Monaghan, Mark

doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02732.x

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…The neurotoxic quinolizidine alkaloids are known for its hazardous potential inducing trembling, seizures and disturbance of blood pressure regulation [17,18,19]. Case reports also point to anticholinergic symptoms after ingestion of bitter lupin flour [20]. In the majority of studies adverse effects are most prominent for sparteine [18,21].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lupanine Improves Glucose Homeostasis by Influencing KATP Channels and Insulin Gene Expression

et al. 2015

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Abstract:The glucose-lowering effects of lupin seeds involve the combined action of several components. The present study investigates the influence of one of the main quinolizidine alkaloids, lupanine, on pancreatic beta cells and in an animal model of type-2 diabetes mellitus. In vitro studies were performed with insulin-secreting INS-1E cells or islets of C57BL/6 mice. In the in vivo experiments, hyperglycemia was induced in rats by injecting streptozotocin (65 mg/kg body weight). In the presence of 15 mmol/L glucose, insulin secretion was significantly elevated by 0.5 mmol/L lupanine, whereas the alkaloid did not stimulate insulin release with lower glucose concentrations. In islets treated with L-arginine, the potentiating effect of lupanine already occurred at 8 mmol/L glucose. Lupanine increased the expression of the Ins-1 gene. The potentiating effect on secretion was correlated to membrane depolarization and an increase in the frequency of Ca channel. The effect was dose-dependent but, even with a high lupanine concentration of 1 mmol/L or after a prolonged exposure time (12 h), the KATP channel block was incomplete. Oral administration of lupanine did not induce hypoglycemia. By contrast, lupanine improved glycemic control in response to an oral glucose tolerance test in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. In summary, lupanine acts as a positive modulator of insulin release obviously without a risk for hypoglycemic episodes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lupanine Improves Glucose Homeostasis by Influencing KATP Channels and Insulin Gene Expression

et al. 2015

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“…The few cases which allow for estimation of alkaloid doses, to which subjects have been exposed, are summarised in Table 2. Other cases for which a quantification of alkaloid exposure was not possible (Smith, 1987;Marquez et al, 1991;Lowen et al, 1995;Tsiodras et al, 1999;Di Grande et al, 2004;Sarikaya and Tettenborn, 2006;Litkey and Dailey, 2007;Kurzbaum et al, 2008;Pingault et al, 2009;Awada et al, 2011;Jamali, 2011;Daverio et al, 2014) are not dealt with here in detail. In some of the case reports, authors report on inadequate debittering of lupin seeds before consumption (Smith, 1987;Lowen et al, 1995;Litkey and Dailey, 2007;Kurzbaum et al, 2008;Awada et al, 2011;Jamali, 2011;Daverio et al, 2014).…”

Section: Case Reports On Intoxication With Lupin Seedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of quinolizidine alkaloids in feed and food, in particular in lupins and lupin‐derived products

Schrenk¹,

Bodin²,

Chipman³

et al. 2019

EFS2

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The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) in feed and food. This risk assessment is limited to QAs occurring in Lupinus species/varieties relevant for animal and human consumption in Europe (i.e. Lupinus albus L., Lupinus angustifolius L., Lupinus luteus L. and Lupinus mutabilis Sweet). Information on the toxicity of QAs in animals and humans is limited. Following acute exposure to sparteine (reference compound), anticholinergic effects and changes in cardiac electric conductivity are considered to be critical for human hazard characterisation. The CONTAM Panel used a margin of exposure (MOE) approach identifying a lowest single oral effective dose of 0.16 mg sparteine/kg body weight as reference point to characterise the risk following acute exposure. No reference point could be identified to characterise the risk of chronic exposure. Because of similar modes of action for QAs, the CONTAM Panel used a group approach assuming dose additivity. For food, the highest mean concentration of Total QAs (TotQAs) (i.e. the 6 most abundant QAs) was found in lupin seed samples classified as 'Lupins (dry) and similar-'. Due to the limited data on occurrence and consumption, dietary exposure was calculated for some specific scenarios and no full human health risk characterisation was possible. The calculated margin of exposures (MOEs) may indicate a risk for some consumers. For example, when lupin seeds are consumed without a debittering step, or as debittered lupin seeds high in QA content and when 'lupin-based meat imitates' are consumed. For horses, companion and farm animals, other than salmonids, the available database on adverse effects was too limited to identify no-observed-adverse-effect levels and/or lowest-observed-adverse-effect levels and no risk characterisation was possible. For salmonids, the CONTAM Panel considers the risk for adverse effects to be low.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and no modifications or adaptations are made.The EFSA Journal is a publication of the European Food Safety Authority, an agency of the European Union. Quinolizidine alkaloids in feed and food www.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal 2 EFSA Journal 2019;17(11):5860 Quinolizidine alkaloids in feed and food www.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal 3 EFSA Journal 2019;17(11):5860lupanine or 13a-OH-lupanine (each equivalent to 0.14 mg/kg bw for a person with a body weight of 70 kg). Human cases of poisoning with lupin seeds are infrequent and rarely lead to a fatal outcome. However, case reports of poisoning in children suggest that these are more susceptible to intoxication than adults, and doses of lupin alkaloids from 10 mg/kg bw onwards may be lethal. Intoxication have been associated with inadequate debittering of lupin seeds by consumers, while no case of poisoning has been...

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“…in the form of bitter lupine flour (principal toxicant: lupinine) and Laburnum spp. pods (principal toxicant: cytisine) have produced acute poisoning in humans (Pingault et al, 2009;Schep et al, 2009). Consumption of poisonous plants with high concentrations of piperidine alkaloids can produce acute intoxications in adult animals as well (Panter et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piperidine alkaloids: Human and food animal teratogens

Green

Lee

Panter

et al. 2012

Food and Chemical Toxicology

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Piperidine alkaloids are acutely toxic to adult livestock species and produce musculoskeletal deformities in neonatal animals. These teratogenic effects include multiple congenital contracture (MCC) deformities and cleft palate in cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats. Poisonous plants containing teratogenic piperidine alkaloids include poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), lupine (Lupinus spp.), and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) [including wild tree tobacco (Nicotiana glauca)]. There is abundant epidemiological evidence in humans that link maternal tobacco use with a high incidence of oral clefting in newborns; this association may be partly attributable to the presence of piperidine alkaloids in tobacco products. In this review, we summarize the evidence for piperidine alkaloids that act as teratogens in livestock, piperidine alkaloid structureactivity relationships and their potential implications for human health.

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Two cases of anticholinergic syndrome associated with consumption of bitter lupin flour

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Lupanine Improves Glucose Homeostasis by Influencing KATP Channels and Insulin Gene Expression

Lupanine Improves Glucose Homeostasis by Influencing KATP Channels and Insulin Gene Expression

Scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of quinolizidine alkaloids in feed and food, in particular in lupins and lupin‐derived products

Piperidine alkaloids: Human and food animal teratogens

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