Two carboxylesterases bind C-reactive protein within the endoplasmic reticulum and regulate its secretion during the acute phase response.

Macintyre, Stephen S.; Samols, David; Dailey, Patricia

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)51111-5

Cited by 43 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…By increasing an upregulation of receptors from the afferent pulmonary C fibers, viral infection can cause shortness of breath [ 25 ] which was evident earlier in influenza (82%) and MERS (69%) [ 16 , 26 , 27 ], whereas in COVID-19, shortness of breath varied and may present quite differently, either having normal breathing with “silent” hypoxemia or remarkable dyspnea among different cohorts [ 28 ]. C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute-phase inflammatory protein is primarily synthesized and stored in hepatocytes, and released in response to infection and inflammation, primarily with the stimulation of IL-6 followed by IL-1 and tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α) [ 29 ]. In COVID-19, several studies found that an increased CRP was associated with disease severity and poor progression [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Clinical Characteristics, Laboratory Findings, and Outcomes of Hypoxemic and Non-Hypoxemic Patients Treated at a Makeshift COVID-19 Unit in Bangladesh: A Retrospective Chart Analysis

Sarmin

Mahfuz

Shahrin

et al. 2022

JCM

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Background: Starting on 31 December 2019, from Wuhan City, China, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a global pandemic by 11 March 2020. Bangladesh detected its first case on 8 March 2020, only 66 days later the detection of the first case in China. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory characteristics, and outcomes of Bangladeshi COVID-19 patients. Methods: This retrospective chart analysis compared Bangladeshi COVID-19 patients with hypoxemia compared to those without hypoxemia treated in a makeshift COVID-19 unit of icddr,b. Results: By March 2021, 207 remained in-patient. Nineteen patients (9.2%) died, whereas 10 (4.8%) were referred to different facilities for definitive care. Out of 207 in-patients, 88 patients required oxygen therapy. Multivariable logistic regression identified age (1.07 (1.02–1.13)), dyspnea (3.56 (1.06–11.96)), high CRP (1.13 (1.03–1.25)), and lymphopenia (6.18 (1.81–21.10)) as the independent predictors for hypoxemia in patients hospitalized for COVID 19 (for all, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Older age, dyspnea, high CRP, and lymphopenia are simple, but important, clinical and laboratory parameters. These may help clinicians to identify COVID-19 patients early who are at risk of fatal hypoxemia. Close monitoring, and prompt and aggressive treatment of these patients would curb their morbidity and mortality, especially in resource-limited settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Clinical Characteristics, Laboratory Findings, and Outcomes of Hypoxemic and Non-Hypoxemic Patients Treated at a Makeshift COVID-19 Unit in Bangladesh: A Retrospective Chart Analysis

Sarmin

Mahfuz

Shahrin

et al. 2022

JCM

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“…In hepatocytes, this pentameric CRP is held within the endoplasmic reticulum through interactions with 2 carboxylesterases, known as gp60a and gp50b. [76] In its quiescent state, when inflammation is absent, CRP is gradually released from the endoplasmic reticulum. However, when the levels of inflammatory cytokines rise, particularly IL-6 and to a lesser extent IL-1 and TNF-α the binding of CRP to the carboxylesterases diminishes, resulting in the rapid secretion of CRP.…”

Section: Inflammatory Markers In Pancreatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of predictive and prognostic values of inflammatory markers in acute pancreatitis: a narrative review

Rafaqat,

Sattar,

Anjum

et al. 2023

Journal of Pancreatology

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Pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the pancreas and is classified into two types, acute and chronic, which can manifest in various forms. This review article summarizes the role of predictive and prognostic values of inflammatory markers in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis, mainly focused on preclinical and clinical studies. It includes serum amyloid A, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, interleukin-6(IL-6), C-reactive protein, interleukin 10(IL-10), myeloperoxidase, pentraxin 3 and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. SAA3 plays a crucial role in developing acute pancreatitis by triggering a receptor-interacting protein 3-dependent necroptosis pathway in acinar cells. Targeting SAA3 could be a potential strategy for treating acute pancreatitis. The recruitment of monocytes/macrophages and the activation of the systemic monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) signaling pathway play a role in the progression of pancreatitis, and blocking MCP-1 may have a suppressive effect on the development of pancreatic fibrosis. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) can predict severe acute pancreatitis with slightly lower accuracy than C-reactive protein (CRP). When ESR and CRP levels are combined at 24 hours, they predict severe acute pancreatitis accurately. IL-6 plays a crucial role in activating the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of the transcription pathway, exacerbating pancreatitis and contributing to the initiation and progression of pancreatic cancer. Endogenous interleukin-10 plays a crucial role in controlling the regenerative phase and limiting the severity of fibrosis and glandular atrophy induced by repeated episodes of acute pancreatitis in mice. The predictive and diagnostic roles of these inflammatory factors in pancreatitis were introduced in detail in this review.

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“…Esterases, a group of enzymes widely found in tissue cells of various organisms, mediate enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of various esters 1,2 and are involved in various metabolic functions such as ester metabolism, 3,4 protein metabolism, 5,6 detoxification, 7,8 and signal transmission. 9,10 For example, insufficiency of lysosomal esterase would bring about Wolman disease accompanied by various symptoms including abdominal swelling, diarrhea, hepatomegaly, and failure to gain weight. 11−13 Furthermore, the design, delivery, and release of some prodrugs are also associated with intracellular esterase activity.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Esterases, a group of enzymes widely found in tissue cells of various organisms, mediate enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of various esters , and are involved in various metabolic functions such as ester metabolism, , protein metabolism, , detoxification, , and signal transmission. , For example, insufficiency of lysosomal esterase would bring about Wolman disease accompanied by various symptoms including abdominal swelling, diarrhea, hepatomegaly, and failure to gain weight. − Furthermore, the design, delivery, and release of some prodrugs are also associated with intracellular esterase activity. − More importantly, as one of the major determining factor of metabolism in cells, esterase plays a significant role in cell viability and cytotoxicity assays. , Consequently, developing a reliable assay method is favorable for the quantitation of esterase activity as well as for the analysis of cellular status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Intracellular Esterase Detection and Discrimination of Live and Dead Cells in Different Fluorescence Channels

Wang

Yang

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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A new diketopyrrolopyrrole-based fluorescent probe (DPP-AM) was designed and synthesized for ratiometric detection of esterase and for imaging of live and dead cells in different modes. DPP-AM showed red fluorescence because of the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process from the DPP moiety to the pyridinium cation and gave remarkable ratio changes (about 70 folds), with the fluorescence changing from red to yellow, after treating with esterase because of the broken ICT process. Besides, the detection limit of DPP-AM toward esterase in vitro was 9.51 × 10 U/mL. After pretreating with HO and ultraviolet light radiation, the health status of TPC1 cells was successfully imaged. More importantly, DPP-AM showed yellow fluorescence in live cells and a red fluorescent signal in dead cells, indicating that DPP-AM has great potential applications for assessing esterase activity as well as for discriminating live and dead cells.

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Two carboxylesterases bind C-reactive protein within the endoplasmic reticulum and regulate its secretion during the acute phase response.

Cited by 43 publications

References 52 publications

Comparative Clinical Characteristics, Laboratory Findings, and Outcomes of Hypoxemic and Non-Hypoxemic Patients Treated at a Makeshift COVID-19 Unit in Bangladesh: A Retrospective Chart Analysis

Comparative Clinical Characteristics, Laboratory Findings, and Outcomes of Hypoxemic and Non-Hypoxemic Patients Treated at a Makeshift COVID-19 Unit in Bangladesh: A Retrospective Chart Analysis

The role of predictive and prognostic values of inflammatory markers in acute pancreatitis: a narrative review

New Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Intracellular Esterase Detection and Discrimination of Live and Dead Cells in Different Fluorescence Channels

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