Two cannabidiol metabolites formed by rat liver

Nilsson, Inger; Agurell, Stig; Nilsson, Jonas; Widman, M; Leander, Kurt

doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1973.tb09138.x

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A subsequent study showed that in a patient administered with 600 mg CBD there were approximately 37 metabolites of CBD present in the urine, including isoforms of THC as well as free CBD (Harvey and Mechoulam, 1990). In vitro studies in rat liver homogenates using radio-labelled CBD have shown that 35% is converted into polar metabolites (Martin et al, 1976;Nilsson et al, 1973). This is consistent with findings from a study which used human liver microsome preparations and also reported that the main hepatic enzymes involved are CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 (Jiang et al, 2011).…”

Section: Pharmacokinetics and Metabolismsupporting

confidence: 83%

Does cannabidiol have a role in the treatment of schizophrenia?

Gururajan

Malone

2016

Schizophrenia Research

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Section: Pharmacokinetics and Metabolismsupporting

confidence: 83%

Does cannabidiol have a role in the treatment of schizophrenia?

Gururajan

Malone

2016

Schizophrenia Research

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“…The level of � 1_ THC in blood is higher than that of 7-0H-ill_THC, and that of the total unidentifi ed other metabolites higher still (50,(72)(73)(74). Metabolism of CBD and of injected 7-0H-� 6_ THC fol lows a similar pattern (75)(76)(77).…”

Section: Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 71%

Pharmacology of Marijuana

Patón¹

1975

Annu. Rev. Pharmacol.

114

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·: ·6617This review is concerned primarily with the papers that have appeared since the end of 1972 subsequent to the material in the book by Nahas (1) and the review volumes edited by Mechoulam (2) and by Gibbins et al (3). The main new developments have been in the biochemistry of cannabis metabolites, in cellular and toxicological effects, and in a widening of human studies. CHEMICAL ASPECTSStructure-Action Relationships (4,5,6) Variations in potency among cannabinoids by a factor of over 2000 are now recorded, which allow considerable scope for structure-action studies. But estimates of relative potency remain difficult to make because of the variability among subjects (whether animals or humans). At a deeper level, little work has been done to assess how far variations in potency reflect differences in pharmacokinetics or in metabo lism (with possible formation both of active and inactive metabolites), as against differences in effect at the ultimate site(s) of action. In addition, many of the structures involved have several isomers and are usually tested as mixtures. Finally, pharmacological study has not been sufficiently detailed to exclude major differences in type of action between the various substances. This may be important, since trial of I, l-dimethylheptyl-�3-THC (DMHP) in man showed that, while it produces pronounced tachycardia and hypotension in man, it has no psychic effect (7). The same may be true of other compounds tested only in animals.Subject to these qualifications, the following provisional generalizations may be made, characterizing the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) molecule as possessing three rings, terpenoid, pyran, and aromatic and using the terpenoid nomenclature.

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“…1 ) in 1973. 57 , 57a Since then, biotransformation studies in mammals, including humans, using various types of CBD administration have indicated considerable species variability. 26 , 58 , 59 All studies in vivo appear to have been restricted to the characterization of urinary CBD metabolites.…”

Section: Human Metabolites Of Cbdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analytical characterizations of and synthetic methodologies for all five metabolites hydroxylated at the pentyl side chain were described in the early 1970s. 57 , 57a , 106 , 107 The syntheses of the epimeric 6α- and 6β-OH-CBD 108 as well as the syntheses of the 7-OH-CBD 74 , 108–110 and the nonhuman metabolite species 10-OH-CBD 109 , 111 have been reported. The rabbit metabolite 8,9-diOH-CBD was obtained by incubating 8,9-epoxy-CBD 112 with guinea pig hepatic microsomes.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Cbd Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Metabolites of Cannabidiol: A Review on Their Formation, Biological Activity, and Relevance in Therapy

Ujváry¹,

Hanŭs

2016

Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research

230

204

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Cannabidiol (CBD), the main nonpsychoactive constituent of Cannabis sativa, has shown a wide range of therapeutically promising pharmacological effects either as a sole drug or in combination with other drugs in adjunctive therapy. However, the targets involved in the therapeutic effects of CBD appear to be elusive. Furthermore, scarce information is available on the biological activity of its human metabolites which, when formed in pharmacologically relevant concentration, might contribute to or even account for the observed therapeutic effects. The present overview summarizes our current knowledge on the pharmacokinetics and metabolic fate of CBD in humans, reviews studies on the biological activity of CBD metabolites either in vitro or in vivo, and discusses relevant drug–drug interactions. To facilitate further research in the area, the reported syntheses of CBD metabolites are also catalogued.

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Two cannabidiol metabolites formed by rat liver

Cited by 20 publications

References 9 publications

Does cannabidiol have a role in the treatment of schizophrenia?

Does cannabidiol have a role in the treatment of schizophrenia?

Pharmacology of Marijuana

Human Metabolites of Cannabidiol: A Review on Their Formation, Biological Activity, and Relevance in Therapy

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