Two branches solutions for mixed convection flow of thermally Williamson nanofluid flow with heat transfer due to magnetized shrinking sheet

Abstract

The study of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and thermal radiation over‐stretching and shrinking sheets has significant applications in a wide range of fields, from chemical manufacturing to transport engine cooling systems, electronic chip cooling, plasma, the nuclear‐powered sector, saltwater, etc. The present study aims to numerically and theoretically analyze the movement of thermally magnetized Williamson nanofluid owing to an extended/contracting sheet. The regulating flow equations are converted to self‐similar equations through similarity transformation, and then numerically solved by bvp4c using MATLAB software. A comparison of the present numerical study with the published study is quite impressive. The investigation demonstrates that the self‐similar equations disclose the two branches for the limited shrinking factor range. For the stretching case, only one solution exists. As a result, the most fundamentally feasible solution has been determined by the linear assessment of temporal stability. For the aim of stability analysis, the lowest eigenvalue sign indicates the stability or instability of a solution. Through stability analysis, it is witnessed that the first solution (first branch) is stable. Due to the presence of the Lorentz force effect, it is perceived that the velocity curves decline in the whole channel. The point to be noted here is that the velocity of the lower branch compared to the upper branch is higher. The reduced Skin Friction is increased in the first branch and declines in the second branch for the two different values of magnetic factor.