Two bacterial mixed culture systems suitable for degrading terephthalate in wastewater

Bacterial degradation of phthalate isomers and their esters

“…Compared to phthalate and terephthalate, isophthalate was found to be resistant to the microbial degradation as evident from the fact that very few microbial species have been reported to utilize isophthalate as the sole source of carbon and energy [49,50,99,104]. Metabolic analysis suggest that isophthalate is double hydroxylated at position 3 and 4 by isophthalate 3,4-dioxygenase to yield 4-hydro- 3,4-dihydroxyisophthalate, which is further decarboxylated to 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate [99,104] (Fig.…”

“…Hence, bacterial cocktail consisting of organisms specifi c and effi cient for various isomers are preferred for effective bioremediation. For example, mixed culture of Pseudomonas and Bacillus metabolizes terephthalate at high concentrations (8 g/l) from waste waters completely as compared to partial utilization by a single strain [50]. Herada and Koiwa enriched Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter and Corynebacterium strains using three isomers of phthalate as carbon source.…”

Delftia tsuruhatensis sp. nov., a terephthalate-assimilating bacterium isolated from activated sludge

“…strain K1, Pseudomonas sp. strain C4S (Kimura & Ito, 2001) and two Comamonas testosteroni strains, T-2 (Schläfli et al, 1994) and YZW-D (Wang et al, 1995), have demonstrated the ability to degrade terephthalate.Most of these micro-organisms have been reported to produce protocatechuate as an intermediate metabolite.The enzymic system responsible for the degradation of terephthalate has been thoroughly studied for C. testosteroni strain T-2. In that strain, terephthalate is degraded to protocatechuate by the terephthalate 1,2-dioxygenase system (TERDOS) (Schläfli et al, 1994) and protocatechuate is then metabolized via the meta cleavage pathway.…”

“…strain K1, Pseudomonas sp. strain C4S (Kimura & Ito, 2001) and two Comamonas testosteroni strains, T-2 (Schläfli et al, 1994) and YZW-D (Wang et al, 1995), have demonstrated the ability to degrade terephthalate.…”

Biological Control Agents for Suppression of Post-Harvest Diseases of Potatoes: Strategies on Discovery and Development

“…Although the performance benefits of co-cultivations to biocontrol performance had not been documented prior to our 2010 report, mixed Pseudomonad cultivations (with other Pseudomonas sp. or other genera) have been documented for many other applications (for example, Rodriguez & Gallardo, 1993;Kimura & Ito, 2001;Ashby et al, 2005;Kumar et al, 2006). More recently, Wu et al (2009) examined the synergistic growth of a salt tolerant Pseudomonas fluorescens Rs-198 with another bacterium Rs-5 in co-culture that may have potential for application in fertilizer preparation.…”