Two alternative job stress models and the risk of coronary heart disease.

Bosma, Hans; Peter, Richard; Siegrist, Johannes; Marmot, Michael

doi:10.2105/ajph.88.1.68

Cited by 695 publications

(459 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Because of the non-normality distribution, the scale was dichotomised by dividing the responses into tertiles, in line with Bosma et al . [26]. The highest tertile indicated high positive health and the cut-off point was placed on ≥27.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Participation and support – associations with Swedish pupils’ positive health

Warne

Snyder

Gådin

2017

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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From the perspective of salutogenesis, schools have opportunities to create supportive environments for health and well-being, but there is a need for more knowledge about positive health determinants in the school setting. The aim of this study was to analyse adolescents’ self-reported positive health and its association with supportive factors in the school environment. Data was derived from a cross-sectional study in which pupils were aged 12–16 (n=1527). A positive health scale was used to examine the association of positive health with the following determinants: classroom participation; teacher support; peer support; parental support; and personal relative affluence. Data was analysed with multiple logistic regression. The results showed that positive health was associated with classroom participation and support from teachers and parents more commonly among boys than girls. All determinants were significantly associated with pupils’ positive health. The conclusion is that students’ positive health is strongly associated with support from the school. Classroom participation and support are major concerns for the health of pupils, and it is essential to develop these aspects of the school environment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Participation and support – associations with Swedish pupils’ positive health

Warne

Snyder

Gådin

2017

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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“…In the four studies examining the ERI model, individual scores for effort-reward imbalance were constructed with two different approaches, first, by calculating the ratio of the effort and reward scales and then dividing this ratio into thirds or quartiles (43, 47) and, second, by cross-tabulating the dichotomized scales (6,48). Also regarding the ERI model, the item content of the scales varied between the studies.…”

Section: Assessment Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also regarding the ERI model, the item content of the scales varied between the studies. Of the two ERI studies using the British Whitehall II cohort, Bosma et al (48) may have had a more comprehensive measure of ERI, but Kuper et al had a more objective CHD outcome (47). For this reason, two meta-analyses with three Two studies examined the association between organizational injustice and CHD.…”

Section: Assessment Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the measure of job strain in all of these studies was generated by cross-tabulating the dichotomized or trichotomized scales of job demands and job control, the items included in these scales varied between the studies. Seven studies analyzed individual scores, but, in four studies, occupation-wise job-strain scores were imputed to the data (table 2).In the four studies examining the ERI model, individual scores for effort-reward imbalance were constructed with two different approaches, first, by calculating the ratio of the effort and reward scales and then dividing this ratio into thirds or quartiles (43, 47) and, second, by cross-tabulating the dichotomized scales (6,48). Also regarding the ERI model, the item content of the scales varied between the studies.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Work stress in the etiology of coronary heart disease—a meta-analysis

Kivimäki¹,

Virtanen²,

Elovainio³

et al. 2006

Scand J Work Environ Health

763

552

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Kivimäki M, Virtanen M, Elovainio M, Kouvonen A, Väänänen A, Vahtera J. Work stress in the etiology of coronary heart disease-a meta-analysis. Scand J Work Environ Health 2006;32(6 special issue):431-442.Objectives This study focused on estimating the relative risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in association with work stress, as indicated by the job-strain model, the effort-reward imbalance model, and the organizational injustice model. MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies were carried out. Studies were eligible if they had published a quantitative estimate of the association between work stress and incident CHD or cardiovascular mortality by January 2006.Results Fourteen prospective cohort studies were identified. For a total of 83 014 employees, the age-and gender-adjusted relative ratio of CHD for high versus low job strain was 1.43 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.15-1.84], but the ratio decreased to 1.16 (95% CI 0.94-1.43) after adjustment for risk factors and potential mediators. The age-and gender-adjusted risk ratio for a combination of high efforts and low rewards was 1.58 (95% CI 0.84-2.97) for 11 528 employees, and no reduction in the risk ratio was seen after further adjustments. For organizational injustice, the age-and gender-adjusted, and multiple-adjusted relative risks were 1.62 (95% CI 1.24-2.13) and 1.47 (95% CI 1.12-1.95), respectively, for a population of 7246 men and women. There was little standardization in the assessment of work stress within all three stress models, and significant heterogeneity in the effects of stress was observed between studies. Few studies were available for female samples. ConclusionsObservational data suggest an average 50% excess risk for CHD among employees with work stress. Further research is needed to confirm that a reduction in work stress will lead to a reduction in CHD risk.Key terms cardiovascular disease; effort-reward imbalance; job strain; mortality; organizational justice; prospective cohort study; psychosocial factors; systematic review; working population. Activation of the stress system in the hypothalamus and the brain stem helps the body to overcome the influence of short-term physical stressors. However, prolonged overactivity of these systems may cause wear and tear and play a role in coronary heart disease (CHD), infection, and accelerated aging (1). The recognition that the physiological reactions to stress cannot only protect, but also damage the body has provided a basis for epidemiologic research on work stress.Three models for work stress and coronary heart disease Work-stress models aim at describing factors that are likely to elicit harmful stress at work in a large proportion of employees. These factors are conceptualized at a level of generalization that allows for their identification in a wide range of occupations. The stress model most often cited and most widely tested is the two-dimensional job-strain model (2-4) ( Work stress in the etiology of coronary heart disease strain model adds...

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“…(9) On the other hand, work has also been associated with poorer health outcomes when workplace conditions are not optimal. (13,14,15) In its report on social determinants of health, the World Health Organization noted that stress in the workplace plays Employment as Health Determinant 4 an important role in health. (16) The report suggested that having low decision-making authority or control over one's work is particularly predictive of adverse health outcomes for employees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%