In these lectures I explain how chiral symmetry of continuum QCD naturally leads to a class of lattice regularisations known as twisted mass QCD (tmQCD). As compared to standard Wilson quarks, its advantages are the absence of unphysical zero modes, the possibility to circumvent lattice renormalisation problems and automatic O(a) improvement. On the other hand, the physical parity and flavour symmetries are explicitly broken. I discuss these aspects and then turn to the theory in a finite space-time volume with Schrödinger functional boundary conditions. Again, chiral transformations of the continuum theory may be used as a guide to formulate an alternative lattice regularisation of the Schrödinger functional, with interesting applications to renormalization problems in QCD. 10:50 Proceedings Trim Size: 9in x 6in ms 2 cepts. This includes in particular a discussion of O(a) improvement and the question whether it is compromised by currently used non-perturbative renormalization procedures based on the QCD Schrödinger functional (SFschemes). In fact, the standard Schrödinger functional boundary conditions turn out to be difficult to reconcile with automatic O(a) improvement and the construction of an alternative set-up for the Schrödinger functional may therefore be advantageous.This writeup is organised as follows: I start with the interplay between the choice of the quark mass term and the form taken by parity, flavour and chiral symmetry transformations (sect. 2). After a reminder of standard Wilson quarks and the problem of unphysical zero modes (section 3), lattice tmQCD is introduced in sect. 4. Based on the formal continuum theory a dictionary between tmQCD and QCD correlation functions is readily established, which is expected to hold between properly renormalised correlation functions. It then becomes clear how to by-pass certain renormalization problems of standard Wilson quarks (sect. 5), and the computation of B K is discussed in some detail. In sect. 6 automatic O(a) improvement of tmQCD is analysed using Symanzik's effective theory. Potential problems of tmQCD associated with flavour and parity breaking are shortly mentioned in sect. 7. In sect. 8, the properties of Schrödinger functional renormalisation schemes (SF schemes) are discussed. Motivated by the clash of the standard set-up with automatic O(a) improvement and by the slow decoupling of heavy quarks in mass-dependent SF schemes, a modified definition of the Schrödinger functional is proposed, and its effectiveness regarding O(a) improvement is illustrated in an example taken from perturbation theory. Section 9 contains some conclusions.
Continuum QCD and chiral transformationsLet us consider the continuum action of QCD with N f = 2 massless quarks b . Decomposing the action into a pure gauge and a fermionic part, S = S g +S f , we here focus on the fermionic part,The quark and antiquark fields ψ,ψ are flavour doublets, interacting minimally with the gluon field A µ via the covariant derivative D µ = ∂ µ + A µ .b Conventions used for Euclidean...