Twin screw wet granulation: The study of a continuous twin screw granulator using Positron Emission Particle Tracking (PEPT) technique

Conceptual framework for model-based analysis of residence time distribution in twin-screw granulation

“…El Hagrasy et al (2013) applied the same RTD measurement approach to estimate the response to changes in formulation properties such as raw material attributes as well as granulation liquid properties on granule properties. In a recent attempt, Lee et al (2012) obtained the RTD using positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) and concluded that the extent of axial mixing was the same for different screw geometries. Although PEPT is a very powerful measurement technique, such a conclusion can also arise due to the inability of the circulated PEPT tracers to provide information on the total flow behaviour as some material paths occur rarely, and are hence not followed by the finite number of tracer paths through the equipment.…”

Continuous twin-screw granulation for enhancing the dissolution of poorly water soluble drug

“…Several studies on TSG havesignificantly explored the influence of process parameters and formulation variables on thecritical quality attributes of granulated materials (Dhenge et al, 2013(Dhenge et al, , 2012Lee et al, 2012;Thompson and Sun, 2010;Tu et al, 2013). RecentlyYu et al, (2014), investigated the granulation behaviour of three formulations containing increasing amounts of hydrophobic components using a twin screw granulator.…”

The use of Rheology Combined with Differential Scanning Calorimetry to Elucidate the Granulation Mechanism of an Immiscible Formulation During Continuous Twin-Screw Melt Granulation

“…all fractions except fraction 500-710 μm) of C1 could be due to the formation of a binder rich layer at the inner wall of the barrel during granulation and leaving the extruder as very large pieces (41). These are subdivided in the oversized fraction and thus they are not measured here.…”