Twin Designs

Spinath, Frank M.

doi:10.1002/0470013192.bsa694

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Articulatory analyses often involve only small subject groups, and together with the fact that we are comparing speaker pairs, the problem of a small subject group gets even more apparent. However, the potential of twin design studies are obvious regarding the insights they provide in distinguishing physiological determinants and environmental factors responsible for individual differences (Spinath, 2005;Scarr and Carter-Saltzman, 1979.) Together with analyzing inter-speaker variability in unrelated speakers, this methodology helps us to highlight the effect of individual physiology on speaker specific behavior in speech production because physiological similarity clearly increases from unrelated speakers over DZ twins to MZ twins.…”

Section: Discussion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If a twin pair differs in any of the 16 DNA markers, they must be dizygotic. When a reasonable number of markers (here 16) reveals no differences, it can be concluded that the twin pair is monozygotic (Spinath, 2005). An overview of the characteristics of our subjects and the influence factor genetic identity (zygosity) is given in Table I (also including other information).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inter-speaker articulatory variability during vowel-consonant-vowel sequences in twins and unrelated speakers

Weirich

Lancia

Brunner

2013

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the amount of inter-speaker variability in the articulation of monozygotic twin pairs (MZ), dizygotic twin pairs (DZ), and pairs of unrelated twins with the goal of examining in greater depth the influence of physiology on articulation. Physiological parameters are assumed to be very similar in MZ twin pairs in contrast to DZ twin pairs or unrelated speakers, and it is hypothesized that the speaker specific shape of articulatory looping trajectories of the tongue is at least partly dependent on biomechanical properties and the speaker's individual physiology. By means of electromagnetic articulography (EMA), inter-speaker variability in the looping trajectories of the tongue back during /VCV/ sequences is analyzed. Results reveal similar looping patterns within MZ twin pairs but in DZ pairs differences in the shape of the loop, the direction of the upward and downward movement, and the amount of horizontal sliding movement at the palate are found.

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Section: Discussion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-speaker articulatory variability during vowel-consonant-vowel sequences in twins and unrelated speakers

Weirich

Lancia

Brunner

2013

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…It should be noted that for a meaningful interpretation of twin correlations in the described manner, a number of assumptions have to be met: the absence of assortative mating for the trait in question, the absence of G(enotype) × E(nvironment) correlation and interaction, and the viability of the Equal Environments Assumption. A more detailed discussion of these assumptions as well as the effects of variation attributable to chorionicity differences is available elsewhere (Spinath, 2005), so a short introduction should suffice here:…”

Section: Theoretical and Methodological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvements and Future Challenges in the Field of Genetically Sensitive Sample Designs

Spinath¹

2008

SSRN Journal

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW BerlinThis series presents research findings based either directly on data from the German SocioEconomic Panel Study (SOEP) or using SOEP data as part of an internationally comparable data set (e.g. CNEF, ECHP, LIS, LWS, CHER/PACO). SOEP is a truly multidisciplinary household panel study covering a wide range of social and behavioral sciences: economics, sociology, psychology, survey methodology, econometrics and applied statistics, educational science, political science, public health, behavioral genetics, demography, geography, and sport science.The decision to publish a submission in SOEPpapers is made by a board of editors chosen by the DIW Berlin to represent the wide range of disciplines covered by SOEP. There is no external referee process and papers are either accepted or rejected without revision. Papers appear in this series as works in progress and may also appear elsewhere. They often represent preliminary studies and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be requested from the author directly.

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“…The latter factor refers to social environmental factors that contribute to the resemblance between individuals who grow up in the same family. The Equal Environments Assumption (EEA) assumes that MZ and DZ twins share the same amount of environmentally caused similarity, as studies of mislabelled twin pairs have shown (Spinath, 2005).…”

Section: Twin Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If a twin pair differs for any DNA marker, they must be dizygotic. When a reasonable number of markers reveal no differences, it can be concluded that the twin pair is monozygotic (Spinath, 2005).…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Articulatory and acoustic inter-speaker variability in the production of German vowels

Weirich¹

2010

Zaspil

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This study examines articulatory and acoustic inter-speaker variability in the production of the German vowels /i/, /u/ and /a/. Our subjects are 3 monozygotic twin pairs (2 female and 1 male pair) and 2 dizygotic female twin pairs. All of them were born, raised and are still living in Berlin and see their twin brother or sister regularly. We assume that monozygotic twins that are genetically identical and share the same physiology should be more similar in their articulation than dizygotic twins but that the shared time and social environment of twins, regardless of their genetic similarity, also plays a crucial role in the acoustic similarity of twins. Articulatory measurements were made with EMA (Electromagnetic Articulography) and the target positions of the produced vowels were analyzed. Additionally, the formants F1-F4 of each vowel were measured and compared within the twin pairs. Our data seems to point out the importance of a shared environment and the strong influence of learning over the anatomical identity of the monozygotic twins regarding the production of vowels. But, additional results suggest (1) the impact of physiology on the production of a vowel following a velar consonant and (2) the interaction of physiology and stress in inter-speaker variability.

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Twin Designs

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Inter-speaker articulatory variability during vowel-consonant-vowel sequences in twins and unrelated speakers

Inter-speaker articulatory variability during vowel-consonant-vowel sequences in twins and unrelated speakers

Improvements and Future Challenges in the Field of Genetically Sensitive Sample Designs

Articulatory and acoustic inter-speaker variability in the production of German vowels

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