Twenty Years of Research on Urinary Tract Infections in Children: Progress and Problems

P, Girardet

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-67239-2_3

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 300 publications

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“…This is underlined by the fact that immunodeficient children do not show higher frequencies of UTI than do healthy individuals [11,28,45]. Furthermore, antigen-specific lymphocytes as well as their products need time to develop [2,23,28,41,45].…”

Section: B) the Local Bladder Defense Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Furthermore, immunodeficient or immunosuppressed children do not show higher frequencies of UTI than do healthy individuals [11,28,45]. These findings suggest that a local unspecific bladder defense mechanism plays a role in the prevention of ascending infections.…”

Section: B) the Local Bladder Defense Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…It appears that the humoral immune reaction contributes to the defense of the established UTI, but does not protect against it. Once the specific local immunity has developed, reinfection by the same bacterial strain can be prevented [11,17,45]. This might be the reason why a different bacterial strain is usually found in each recurrent episode of UTI.…”

Section: B) the Local Bladder Defense Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It has been shown that about 75% of all UTI are caused by Escherichia coli, whereas Enterococci, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Proteus mirabilis, and other microorganisms are isolated from the infected urine much more rarely [5,7,11; Table 2]. Much work has been done in recent years to elucidate and characterize bacterial virulence factors, which seem to be prerequisites for the initiation of infection and the defeat of the host defense mechanisms.…”

Section: Bacterial Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although no serious consequences will arise in the majority of UTI patients, some risks have to be pointed out: 50% of the patients will suffer from recurrent UTI [11,31]; the formation of renal concrements is increased in UTI-prone individuals, eventually leading to further complications; renal scars develop in about 10% of the patients even without urinary tract obstruction [11,31,39,40,58]; 20% of patients with segmental renal scars will develop arterial hypertension [4,31]; a few UTI patients are at risk of ending up with chronic renal failure [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogenic factors in recurrent urinary tract infections and renal scar formation in children

1986

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Section: B) the Local Bladder Defense Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: B) the Local Bladder Defense Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: B) the Local Bladder Defense Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Bacterial Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Pathogenic factors in recurrent urinary tract infections and renal scar formation in children

1986

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Pathogenetic factors in vesicoureteral reflux

Jørgensen

1986

Neurourology and Urodynamics

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The pathogenesis of vesicoureteral reflux and reflux nephropathy is multifactorial, but certain known interconnections between different factors have been established. There exists an age-dependent anatomy and function of the ureterovesical junction, and this is of absolute importance for the presence of vesicoureteral reflux. Also, bladder urethral dysfunction with formation of high bladder pressures, urinary tract infections, and ureteric peristaltic properties seem to be of major importance for the development and maintenance of reflux. Vesicoureteral reflux combined with normal bladder-urethral function induces no change in the dynamic function of the upper urinary tract. In cases of bladder-urethral dysfunction that lead to high-pressure reflux, dilatation of the upper urinary tract is produced with irreversible damage of the peristaltic rhythm, frequency, and propagation. Such changes are aggravated by simultaneous infection. Reflux nephropathy most often occurs in cases of pyelorenal backflow with infected urine but can be aggravated by bladder-urethral dysfunction producing high pelvic pressures. Bacteria ascend from the bladder to the kidney, and maximal bladder pressures and the peristaltic conditions in the ureter have an impact on this. The maximal bladder pressure and the compiled pressure load transmitted without hindrance from the bladder to the kidney are presumably mandatory for the formation of nephropathy in cases of sterile reflux.This survey is based on earlier work performed in this laboratory [see 32, 50, 76-78, 94, 95, loo].

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Twenty Years of Research on Urinary Tract Infections in Children: Progress and Problems

Cited by 2 publications

References 300 publications

Pathogenic factors in recurrent urinary tract infections and renal scar formation in children

Pathogenic factors in recurrent urinary tract infections and renal scar formation in children

Pathogenetic factors in vesicoureteral reflux

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