Twenty years of enamel matrix derivative: the past, the present and the future

Abstract

This review article aims to: (1) provide the biological background necessary to understand the rational for the use of EMD for periodontal regeneration, (2) present animal and human histological evidence of periodontal regeneration following EMD application, (3) provide clinically relevant indications for the use of EMD and (4) discuss future avenues of research including key early findings leading to the development of Osteogain, a new carrier system for EMD specifically developed with better protein adsorption to bone grafting materials.

Hyaluronic Acid Gel-Based Scaffolds as Potential Carrier for Growth Factors: An In Vitro Bioassay on Its Osteogenic Potential

“…A variety of regenerative agents have been brought to market in recent years to fill the large number of bone defects which are a result of trauma, inflammation, congenital disease or fracture [31,32,33,34]. Among the number of available options, autogenous bone has been considered the gold standard due to its excellent combination of three characteristic properties of bone grafting materials including osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity and osteogenecity [25,35].…”

Contemporary Esthetic Periodontics

“…Meticulous root debridement and surgical technique have been found to be the determining factor for predictability and success of the procedure 10 . Enamel Matrix Derivative, as Emdogain ® has been found to enhance root coverage and healing by repair through connective tissue attachment 11,17 . Root conditioning with Citric Acid has heterogeneous results in soft tissue grafting and improvement of healing by connective tissue attachment versus long junctional epithelium [12][13][14][15][16] .…”

“…However, Emdogain® with a coronally positioned flap alone led to regeneration, which could be histologically verified. The heterogeneous results reported by different studies are due to variation in study design and strength 17 .…”

New Therapeutic Strategy for Regenerating Periodontal Tissue Based on the Combination of Amelogenin and Reapplications of Existing Grp78 Inducer

“…However, despite much effort to elucidate the molecular mechanism of EMD action, no unified opinion has been reached regarding its effects on the regeneration of periodontal tissue [1], its inhibition of downgrowth of the gingival epithelium [2], or its anti-inflammatory action [3]. Additionally, since the product is a foreign protein derived from porcine tooth germ, some health issues such as the possibility of allergic reactions and contamination with unknown viruses cannot be completely excluded, although no harmful effects have been reported [4].…”