Twenty Whole-Genome
            <i>Bacillus</i>
            sp. Assemblies

Daligault, Hajnalka E.; Davenport, Karen W.; Minogue, Timothy D.; Bishop‐Lilly, Kimberly A.; Broomall, S. M.; Bruce, David; Chain, Patrick; Coyne, S. R.; Frey, K. G.; Gibbons, Henry S.; Jaissle, J.; Koroleva, G. I.; Ladner, Jason T.; Lo, Chien-Chi; Munk, Christine; Palacios, Gustavo; Redden, C. L.; Rosenzweig, C. Nicole; Scholz, Matthew; Johnson, Shannon L.

doi:10.1128/genomea.00958-14

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Non‐canonical D‐amino acids have been shown independently to inhibit biofilm formation and trigger biofilm disassembly in different model organisms (Hochbaum et al ., ; Yu et al ., ; Sanchez et al ., ; Li and Wang, ; Si et al ., ; Xing et al ., ), and at concentrations that did not interfere with planktonic growth. Importantly, it was reported that B. subtilis NCIB 3610 (as well as many other natural isolates; Daligault et al ., ) is carrying a defective allele of the dtd gene, involved in removal of D‐amino acids from tRNA. If the biofilm inhibition was indeed a result of incorporation of non‐canonical D‐amino acids into tRNA, D‐Alanine was expected to impair biofilm formation further.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disturbance of the bacterial cell wall specifically interferes with biofilm formation

Bucher

Oppenheimer-Shaanan

Savidor

et al. 2015

Environ Microbiol Rep

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In nature, bacteria communicate via chemical cues and establish complex communities referred to as biofilms, wherein cells are held together by an extracellular matrix. Much research is focusing on small molecules that manipulate and prevent biofilm assembly by modifying cellular signalling pathways. However, the bacterial cell envelope, presenting the interface between bacterial cells and their surroundings, is largely overlooked. In our study, we identified specific targets within the biosynthesis pathways of the different cell wall components (peptidoglycan, wall teichoic acids and teichuronic acids) hampering biofilm formation and the anchoring of the extracellular matrix with a minimal effect on planktonic growth. In addition, we provide convincing evidence that biofilm hampering by transglycosylation inhibitors and D-Leucine triggers a highly specific response without changing the overall protein levels within the biofilm cells or the overall levels of the extracellular matrix components. The presented results emphasize the central role of the Gram-positive cell wall in biofilm development, resistance and sustainment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disturbance of the bacterial cell wall specifically interferes with biofilm formation

Bucher

Oppenheimer-Shaanan

Savidor

et al. 2015

Environ Microbiol Rep

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“…We recently queried all publicly available B. cereus group genomes ( 12 ) and identified a singleton strain, B. mycoides Flugge ATCC 21929 (referred to here as ATCC 21929), that shared a relatively low degree of genomic similarity with all other genomes. Prior publications indicated that ATCC 21929 had been isolated from soil in Papua New Guinea and is able to produce a patented antibiotic compound, antibiotic 60-6 (also known as cerexin A), which is active against Gram-positive pathogens ( 13 , 14 ). Here, a polyphasic approach that integrated genomic and phenotypic analyses was used to characterize ATCC 21929, a representative of novel effective species “ Bacillus clarus .”…”

Section: Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The original genome (NCBI RefSeq accession no. GCF_000746925.1) ( 14 ) was used in subsequent analyses.…”

Section: Atcc 21929 Belongs To a Novel B Cereus Group Genomospeciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Effective Bacillus cereus Group Species “ Bacillus clarus ” Is Represented by Antibiotic-Producing Strain ATCC 21929 Isolated from Soil

Acevedo

Carroll

Mukherjee

et al. 2020

mSphere

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Gram-positive, spore-forming members of the Bacillus cereus group species complex are widespread in natural environments and display various degrees of pathogenicity. Recently, B. cereus group strain Bacillus mycoides Flugge ATCC 21929 was found to represent a novel lineage within the species complex, sharing a relatively low degree of genomic similarity with all B. cereus group genomes (average nucleotide identity [ANI] < 88). ATCC 21929 has been previously associated with the production of a patented antibiotic, antibiotic 60-6 (i.e., cerexin A); however, the virulence potential and growth characteristics of this lineage have never been assessed. Here, we provide an extensive genomic and phenotypic characterization of ATCC 21929, and we assess its pathogenic potential in vitro. ATCC 21929 most closely resembles Bacillus paramycoides NH24A2T (ANI and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values of 86.70 and 34.10%, respectively). Phenotypically, ATCC 21929 does not possess cytochrome c oxidase activity and is able to grow at a range of temperatures between 15 and 43°C and a range of pH between 6 and 9. At 32°C, ATCC 21929 shows weak production of diarrheal enterotoxin hemolysin BL (Hbl) but no production of nonhemolytic enterotoxin (Nhe); at 37°C, neither Hbl nor Nhe is produced. Additionally, at 37°C, ATCC 21929 does not exhibit cytotoxic effects toward HeLa cells. With regard to fatty acid composition, ATCC 21929 has iso-C17:0 present in highest abundance. Based on the characterization provided here, ATCC 21929T (= PS00077AT = PS00077BT = PSU-0922T = BHPT) represents a novel effective B. cereus group species, which we propose as effective species “Bacillus clarus.” IMPORTANCE The B. cereus group comprises numerous closely related lineages with various degrees of pathogenic potential and industrial relevance. Species-level taxonomic classification of B. cereus group strains is important for risk evaluation and communication but remains challenging. Biochemical and phenotypic assays are often used to assign B. cereus group strains to species but are insufficient for accurate taxonomic classification on a genomic scale. Here, we show that antibiotic-producing ATCC 21929 represents a novel lineage within the B. cereus group that, by all metrics used to delineate prokaryotic species, exemplifies a novel effective species. Furthermore, we show that ATCC 21929 is incapable of producing enterotoxins Hbl and Nhe or exhibiting cytotoxic effects on HeLa cells at human body temperature in vitro. These results provide greater insight into the genomic and phenotypic diversity of the B. cereus group and may be leveraged to inform future public health and food safety efforts.

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“…The whole genome of an isolate from the gut of an organically reared broiler reported as B. subtilis has been published (Schyns et al., ). The whole genome sequences of 20 isolates reported to belong to B. anthracis , B. atrophaeus , B. cereus , B. licheniformis , B. macerans , B. megaterium , B. mycoides and B. subtilis have been published (Daligault et al., ).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the update of the list of QPS‐recommended biological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA†

Ricci¹,

Allende²,

Bolton³

et al. 2017

EFS2

223

135

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EFSA is requested to assess the safety of a broad range of biological agents in the context of notification for market authorisation as sources of food and feed additives, food enzymes and plant protection products. The qualified presumption of safety (QPS) assessment was developed to provide a harmonised generic preassessment to support safety risk assessments performed by EFSA's scientific Panels. The safety of unambiguously defined biological agents (at the highest taxonomic unit appropriate for the purpose for which an application is intended), and the completeness of the body of knowledge are assessed. Identified safety concerns for a taxonomic unit are, where possible and reasonable in number, reflected as 'qualifications' in connection with a recommendation for a QPS status. The list of QPS recommended biological agents was reviewed and updated in the current opinion and therefore becomes the valid list. The 2016 update reviews previously assessed microorganisms including bacteria, yeasts and viruses used for plant protection purposes following an Extensive Literature Search strategy. The taxonomic units related to the new notifications received since the 2013 QPS opinion, were periodically evaluated for a QPS status and the results published as Statements of the BIOHAZ Panel. Carnobacterium divergens, Lactobacillus diolivorans, Microbacterium imperiale, Pasteuria nishizawae, Pediococcus parvulus, Bacillus flexus, Bacillus smithii, Xanthomonas campestris and Candida cylindracea were recommended for the QPS list. All taxonomic units previously recommended for the 2013 QPS list had their status reconfirmed as well their qualifications with the exception of Pasteuria nishizawae for which the qualification was removed. The exclusion of filamentous fungi and enterococci from the QPS evaluations was reconsidered but monitoring will be maintained and the status will be re-evaluated in the next QPS Opinion update. Evaluation of bacteriophages should remain as a case-by-case procedure and should not be considered for QPS status. Acknowledgements: The BIOHAZ Panel wishes to thank the EFSA staff member: Mirena Ivanova for the support provided to this scientific output.

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Twenty Whole-Genome Bacillus sp. Assemblies

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Disturbance of the bacterial cell wall specifically interferes with biofilm formation

Disturbance of the bacterial cell wall specifically interferes with biofilm formation

Novel Effective Bacillus cereus Group Species “ Bacillus clarus ” Is Represented by Antibiotic-Producing Strain ATCC 21929 Isolated from Soil

Scientific Opinion on the update of the list of QPS‐recommended biological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA†

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