Twenty-four Hours of Sleep, Sedentary Behavior, and Physical Activity with Nine Wearable Devices

Abstract

Getting enough sleep, exercising and limiting sedentary activities can greatly contribute to disease prevention and overall health and longevity. Measuring the full 24-hour activity cycle - sleep, sedentary behavior (SED), light intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) - may now be feasible using small wearable devices. PURPOSE This study compares nine devices for accuracy in 24-hour activity measurement. METHODS Adults (N=40, 47% male) wore nine devices for 24-hours: Actigraph GT3X+, activPAL, Fitbit One, GENEactiv, Jawbone Up, LUMOback, Nike Fuelband, Omron pedometer, and Z-Machine. Comparisons (to standards) were made for total sleep time (Z-machine), time spent in SED (activPAL), LPA (GT3x+), MVPA (GT3x+), and steps (Omron). Analysis included mean absolute percent error, equivalence testing, and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS Error rates ranged from 8.1–16.9% for sleep; 9.5–65.8% for SED; 19.7–28.0% for LPA; 51.8–92% for MVPA; and 14.1–29.9% for steps. Equivalence testing indicated only two comparisons were significantly equivalent to standards: the LUMOback for sedentary behavior and the GT3X+ for sleep. Bland-Altman plots indicated GT3X+ had the closest measurement for sleep, LUMOback for sedentary behavior, GENEactiv for LPA, Fitbit for MVPA and GT3X+ for steps. CONCLUSIONS Currently, no device accurately captures activity data across the entire 24-hour day, but the future of activity measurement should aim for accurate 24-hour measurement as a goal. Researchers should continue to select measurement devices based on their primary outcomes of interest.

A cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the GoActive intervention to increase physical activity among adolescents aged 13–14 years

“…[28][29][30] There is evidence to support the increased acceptability and higher compliance rates of wrist-worn monitors compared with waist-worn monitors. [31][32][33][34][35][36][37] To further optimise accelerometer-wear compliance, we have developed a monitor wear and return protocol which is led by researchers (and not teachers) and includes regular reminders and an incentive (eg, GoActive-branded headphones, GoActive-branded pens). We have previously successfully applied this protocol in adolescent cohort studies to obtain high levels of valid accelerometry data (ROOTS: 825/930-89% 7 ; SPEEDY-3: 428/480-89% 16 ).…”

Relationship Between Meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children

“…4,5 To address this issue, the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth were recently developed by the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology (CSEP). 6 These new 24hour guidelines provide recommendations for decreasing sedentary behavior, increasing light activity, increasing MVPA, and improving sleep hygiene in children and youth.…”

A Validation Study of the Fitbit One in Daily Life Using Different Time Intervals

“…High Pearson"s r and intraclass correlations were reported for steps taken per day compared with the ActiGraph (10). However, the Fitbit One was less valid in assessing daily minutes spent in moderate-vigorous physical activity (10,20). These findings suggest that the Fitbit One is a valid instrument to assess daily step activity but less valid to assess daily minutes spent in moderate-vigorous physical activity.…”

“…Several studies examined the validity of different types of Fitbit activity trackers (7,20,22,24); however, as far as we are aware, only eight studies examined the validity of the Fitbit One. So far, five studies used a controlled laboratory setting to examine the validity of the Fitbit One with respect to steps taken (n = 4) and energy expenditure (n = 1) (3,16,21,22).…”

“…Moreover, the Fitbit underestimated the energy expenditure compared with indirect calorimetry. So far, only three studies examined the validity of the Fitbit One in daily life (10,14,20). High Pearson"s r and intraclass correlations were reported for steps taken per day compared with the ActiGraph (10).…”