Twenty-Four Hour Time Domain Heart Rate Variability and Heart Rate: Relations to Age and Gender Over Nine Decades

Umetani, Ken; Singer, Donald H.; McCraty, Rollin; Atkinson, M. D.

doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(97)00554-8

Cited by 899 publications

(736 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Given the dearth of longitudinal studies of patterns of HRV changes with aging, it is important that our current study replicated most of the cross‐sectional evidence of HRV declines with aging 10, 12, 13, 14. Our study is unique in demonstrating age‐related HRV changes based on short‐term recordings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Are Changes in Heart Rate Variability in Middle‐Aged and Older People Normative or Caused by Pathological Conditions? Findings From a Large Population‐Based Longitudinal Cohort Study

Jandackova

Scholes

Britton

et al. 2016

JAHA

104

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BackgroundNo study to date has investigated longitudinal trajectories of cardiac autonomic modulation changes with aging; therefore, we lack evidence showing whether these changes occur naturally or are secondary to disease or medication use. This study tested whether heart rate variability (HRV) trajectories from middle to older age are largely normative or caused by pathological changes with aging in a large prospective cohort. We further assessed whether HRV changes were modified by socioeconomic status, ethnicity, or habitual physical activity.Methods and ResultsThis study involved 3176 men and 1238 women initially aged 44 to 69 years (1997–1999) from the UK Whitehall II population‐based cohort. We evaluated time‐ and frequency‐domain HRV measures of short‐term recordings at 3 time points over a 10‐year period. Random mixed models with time‐varying covariates were applied. Cross‐sectionally, HRV measures were lower for men than for women, for participants with cardiometabolic conditions, and for participants reporting use of medications other than beta blockers. Longitudinally, HRV measures decreased significantly with aging in both sexes, with faster decline in younger age groups. HRV trajectories were not explained by increased prevalence of cardiometabolic problems and/or medication use. In women, cardiometabolic problems were associated with faster decline in the standard deviation of all intervals between R waves with normal‐to‐normal conduction, in low‐frequency HRV, and in low‐frequency HRV in normalized units. Socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and habitual physical activity did not have significant effects on HRV trajectories.ConclusionsOur investigation showed a general pattern and timing of changes in indices of cardiac autonomic modulation from middle to older age. These changes seem likely to reflect the normal aging process rather than being secondary to cardiometabolic problems and medication use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Are Changes in Heart Rate Variability in Middle‐Aged and Older People Normative or Caused by Pathological Conditions? Findings From a Large Population‐Based Longitudinal Cohort Study

Jandackova

Scholes

Britton

et al. 2016

JAHA

104

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“…The potential confounding effect of age in the studied relationship was controlled by the design of the PROOF study, in which the subjects had the same age at baseline. 25 Dipper/non-dipper status was defined by systolic BP, which is recognized as a better predictor of morbidity and mortality than diastolic BP. 3,6,7 A study by Boggia et al 26 supports a recommendation that the classification of dipper and non-dipper subjects be conducted with analyses using the continuous variation of arterial BP.…”

Section: Non-dipper Blood Pressure Pattern V Dauphinot Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic nervous system activity is independently associated with the risk of shift in the non-dipper blood pressure pattern

et al. 2010

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An insufficient decrease in nocturnal blood pressure (BP) is a known factor in cardiovascular mortality. We aimed to determine whether autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity and its change over 2 years were associated with a shift to non-dipper status, independently of initial BP, in a general elderly population. From participants in the PROOF study, 600 subjects untreated for hypertension were selected (age at baseline: 65 years, men: 41.5%). Dipper/non-dipper status was defined using repeated measures of 24-h ambulatory BP at baseline and 2 years later. ANS activity was evaluated on the basis of 24-h heart rate variability at both examinations. Among the 454 dipper subjects at baseline, 26.2% became non-dippers. Multivariate analysis showed that a +1 between-subject s.d. increase in the very low frequency at baseline was associated with a decreased odds ratio for the shift to non-dipper status 2 years later (OR¼0.61 [0.41-0.91], P¼0.02). The within-subject change between the two measurements of day and night systolic BP and day diastolic BP also contributed significantly to the risk of shift to non-dipper status. Our results suggest that impaired ANS activity precedes an insufficient decrease in nocturnal BP independent of hypertension status. Keywords: ambulatory blood pressure; heart rate variability; non-dipper; sympathetic nervous activity INTRODUCTION An insufficient decrease in nocturnal blood pressure (BP) (nondipping) is recognized as a marker of end-organ damage and a predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, independently of hypertension status. 1-3 Our understanding of the pathophysiologic factors that may be involved in the mechanisms of the circadian variation of BP and the non-dipping pattern remains incomplete. Among the suspected determinants, autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity is shown to be associated with arterial BP level and involved in the control of the circadian variation of BP. 4,5 Previous cross-sectional studies have shown that ANS activity, evaluated by heart rate variability (HRV), was reduced in non-dipper, untreated hypertensive subjects. 6,7 A possible explanation of the nocturnal decrease in BP is that it results from a reduction of sympathetic nervous activity and impaired circadian rhythm in sympatho-vagal balance during sleep. 8,9 We aimed to assess whether ANS activity indices and their changes over 2 years, as evaluated by 24-h HRV, were associated with a shift to non-dipper status among subjects identified as dippers at study entry in a general elderly population not treated for hypertension.

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“…Unique developmental changes and pediatric milestones preclude these adult findings from being extrapolated to children. Altogether, the state of knowledge regarding "normal" HRV values in children is rather haphazard [8,23,37,43]. The objectives of the present study were twofold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Despite the increased use of HRV in the research literature, normative pediatric values are limited and few studies report referent values [18,43]. Existing referent values are based on studies with methodological limitations including use of small samples (e.g., 10), combining broad age ranges [18], use of convenience "healthy controls" [5,35] or clinical samples [3], varying duration of ECG recording (e.g., 2 min to 24 h), inaccurate frequency bandwidths for spectral analysis parameters [7,10,26], and reporting HRV values using inconsistent units (e.g., beats/min 2 , log transformed, absolute, normalized).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Heart Rate Variability in a Population-Based Sample of 10-Year-Old Children

et al. 2014

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Abstractand heart rate, are presented. Greater heart rate (β avg = −0.60, ), pubertal maturation (β avg = −0.11, ), later ECG recording times (β avg = −0.19, ), and higher diastolic blood pressure (β avg = −0.11, ) were significantly associated with reduced HRV in 10-year-old children. The normative HRV values permit clinicians to monitor, describe, and establish pediatric nosologies in primary care and research settings, which may improve treatment of diseases associated with HRV in children. By better understanding existing values, the practical applicability of HRV among clinicians will be enhanced. Lastly, developmental (e.g., puberty) and procedural (e.g., recording time) factors were identified that will improve recording procedures and interpretation of results.

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Twenty-Four Hour Time Domain Heart Rate Variability and Heart Rate: Relations to Age and Gender Over Nine Decades

Cited by 899 publications

References 24 publications

Are Changes in Heart Rate Variability in Middle‐Aged and Older People Normative or Caused by Pathological Conditions? Findings From a Large Population‐Based Longitudinal Cohort Study

Are Changes in Heart Rate Variability in Middle‐Aged and Older People Normative or Caused by Pathological Conditions? Findings From a Large Population‐Based Longitudinal Cohort Study

Autonomic nervous system activity is independently associated with the risk of shift in the non-dipper blood pressure pattern

Short-Term Heart Rate Variability in a Population-Based Sample of 10-Year-Old Children

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