Twenty-four-hour Rainfall, a Simple Environmental Variable for Predicting Peanut Leaf Spot Epidemics

Davis, Donald M.; Jacobi, J.; Backman, P. A.

doi:10.1094/pd-77-0722

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…This advisory has enabled growers in Virginia to reduce fungicide applications by an average of 2.25 per season (19). Another advisory program has been recently developed, based on observed correlations of rainfall and leaf spot epidemics (6,13). This program utilizes actual and probable rainfall in scheduling fungicides for control of both early and late leaf T h e protective fungicide, chlorothalonil (tetrachloroisophthalonitrile), has been most often used in trials evaluating performance of advisory programs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Weather-Based Spray Advisory for Management of Early Leaf Spot of Peanut in Oklahoma1

et al. 1994

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A simplified version of the weather-based advisory program developed by Pawin, Smith, and Crosby (PSC) for scheduling fungicide sprays for management of early l e d spot (Cercospora arachidicoh Hori) of peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) was evaluated under various productions systems in Oklahoma from 1990-1992. Over eight trials with spanish cultivars, the number of sprays per season averaged 5.7 for the 14-d schedule and 4.0 for the advisory program. Final disease incidence (symptomatic and defoliated leaflets) with the fungicide chlorothalonil (1.26 k@a) averaged 15% for the 14-d schedule, 34% for the advisoryprogram, and 77% for the control. However, disease incidence (75%) and defoliation (!jO%) approached unacceptable levels on the Spanish cultivars in some trials. In six trials with runner cultivars, the number of sprays averaged 6.7 for the 14-d schedule and 4.7 for the advisory program. Final disease incidence with chlorothalonil on the runner cultivars averaged 5% for the 14-d schedule, 14% for the advisory program, and 68% in the control. Yields did not differ in any of the 14 trials between the advisory and 14-d programs using chlorothalonil. Yields averaged 3015,3003, and2303 kg/ha for Spanish cultivars and 4108, 3855, and 3066 kg/ha for runner cultivars with the 14-d schedule, advisory program, and control, respectively. The advisory program was effective in irrigated trials where weather stations were deployed either under or outside the influence of irrigation. The fungicides tebuconazole at 0.14 k@a and propiconazole at 0.13 kg/ ha generally provided better leaf spot control with the advisory program than chlorothalonil. The post-infection activity of these fungicides was observed in one trial and probably accounts for their improved performance. Yields were reduced and leafspot incidence was high where tank mixes of benomyl(O.28 kg/ha) or thiophanatemethyl (0.38 k@a) plus mancozeb (1.68 kg/ha) were used with the advisory program. Area under the disease progress curve, leaf spot incidence, and defoliation in the controls were lower for runner than for Spanish cultivars at sites where both market types were planted in adjacent trials. Fungicides applied according to the advisory program provided better leaf spot control on the runner cultivars. Results showed the need for a weather-based advisory which allows greater levels of leafspot control on Spanish cultivars than the PSC advisory.'Approved for publication by the Director, Oklahoma Agric. Exp. Stn. This study was funded in part by Hatch project

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Weather-Based Spray Advisory for Management of Early Leaf Spot of Peanut in Oklahoma1

et al. 1994

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“…On each stem, leaflets present and leaf nodes were counted. Number of leaf nodes was used to determine total possible leaflet numbers and defoliated leaflets (defolia tion) was expressed as the percentage of total possible leaflets (5). Several fields in each year of the study were not sampled for defoliation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil-Borne Pests of Peanut in Growers' Fields with Different Cropping Histories in Alabama1

1996

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Pest levels and yields of peanut were monitored in growers' fields in 1991 through 1993. Yields ranged from 2085 to 6440 kg/ha and averaged 3947 kg/ha over the 3 yr. Incidence of southern stem rot (SSR) (caused by Sclerotium rolfsii) averaged 7.6 foci (up to 30 cm in length) per 30.5 m row and ranged from 0 to 31.0 foci. Peanut yield tended to be inversely related to incidence of SSR and directly related to the number of years between peanut crops. Incidence of SSR was inversely related to number of years between peanut crops and was consistently greater in fields cropped to peanut every other year compared to other fields with less intensive peanut production. Yields obtained from irri gated fields averaged 11.4% greater than those without irrigation. Leaf spot control programs used by growers provided consistent levels of control. Peanut seed inva sion by aflatoxigenic fungi and plant damage by larvae of the lesser cornstalk borer (Elasmopalus lignosellus) gen erally were low. Seed invasion by Aspergillus flavus-type fungi was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with damage due to lesser cornstalk borer in 1993. Juvenile popula tions of root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) were positively correlated (P < 0.001) with incidence of SSR in 1992.

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“…More recently, an early leaf spot spray advisory, developed in Virginia, was effective in reducing number of sprays required for satisfactory disease control and has been highly accepted by growers (Cu and Phipps, 1993;Phipps, 1993). Spray advisories for late leaf spot have been implemented in other peanut producing states, such as Georgia, Alabama, North Carolina and Oklahoma (Nutter and Brenneman, 1989;Davis et al, 1993;Bailey et al, 1994;Damicone 1994).…”

Section: Use Of Extended Interval Fungicide Programs and Forecasting mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This model was developed in the late 1980s, and is based solely on precipitation (the number of precipitation events and the five-day forecasted probability of precipitation) (Davis et al, 1993). Studies to evaluate the AU-Pnut advisory for timing applications of fungicides aimed at soilborne fungi have shown suppression of stem rot, but the results have been inconsistent Rideout, 2003).…”

Section: Use Of Extended Interval Fungicide Programs and Forecasting mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Control of Peanut Diseases: Targeting Leaves, Stems, Roots, and Pods with Foliar-Applied Fungicides

Woodward¹,

Kemerait²

2013

Fungicides - Showcases of Integrated Plant Disease Management From Around the World

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Twenty-four-hour Rainfall, a Simple Environmental Variable for Predicting Peanut Leaf Spot Epidemics

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of a Weather-Based Spray Advisory for Management of Early Leaf Spot of Peanut in Oklahoma1

Evaluation of a Weather-Based Spray Advisory for Management of Early Leaf Spot of Peanut in Oklahoma1

Soil-Borne Pests of Peanut in Growers' Fields with Different Cropping Histories in Alabama1

Chemical Control of Peanut Diseases: Targeting Leaves, Stems, Roots, and Pods with Foliar-Applied Fungicides

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