Twenty-five years of progress in vacuum arc research and utilization

Boxman, R.L.; Goldsmith, S.; Greenwood, A.

doi:10.1109/27.650894

Cited by 122 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…It can be seen that the velocity of the cathode spot increased with the radial magnetic field intensity. This agrees with other papers [11,23]. The measured velocity in Ref.…”

Section: Analysis and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Influence of a Scanning Radial Magnetic Field on Macroparticle Reduction of Arc Ion-Plated Films

et al. 2018

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Cathode spot motion influences the physical characteristics of arc plasma and the related macroparticles (MPs) in resultant films; these MPs limit the application of arc ion plating (AIP). In this paper, a scanning radial magnetic field (SRMF) was applied to the cathode surface to control the cathode spot motion and reduce the MP contamination in the deposited films. It was shown that film surface morphologies prepared using SRMF were better than those using a static radial magnetic field (RMF). The improvement was greater with increased scanning range and frequency. Using SRMF, cathode spot motion was confined to a spiral trajectory on the cathode surface and the spots moved over a large area and at a fast-moving velocity. Both the large moving area and the fast velocity decreased the temperature on the cathode surface and thus reduced the emission of the MPs.

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“…It can be seen that the velocity of the cathode spot increased with the radial magnetic field intensity. This agrees with other papers [11,23]. The measured velocity in Ref.…”

Section: Analysis and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Influence of a Scanning Radial Magnetic Field on Macroparticle Reduction of Arc Ion-Plated Films

et al. 2018

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“…In fact, instead of special injections of electrons into a spherical device to produce a VC as in [14], nanosecond vacuum discharge with hollow cathode provides itself (after voltage is applied) automatic extraction of electron beams from the cathode, their further acceleration and converging injection into anode area to form a VC at r → 0 (figs. 4,5). By analogy with POPS expressions we may estimate the fusion power density P f usion ∼ ϕ 2 θ 2 f 2 < συ > l/2πe 2 r 2 V C at the volume of nuclear burning for reactor with cylindrical geometry (l is the length of the cylinder) [9].…”

Section: Single and Pulsating Regimes Of Neutron Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, table-top experiments using femtosecond laser irradiation of clouds of clusters [3] have demonstrated how X-rays, fast ions, and even neutrons can be generated. Also, different states of matter in unusual conditions have been realized and under the study at vacuum discharges, where an extensive experience has been accumulated [4,5]. In fact, solid density electrodes, vacuum environment, fast and local energy deposition provides the framework to create and study WDM also.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Warm Dense Matter Generation and DD Synthesis at Vacuum Discharge with Deuterium‐Loaded Pd Anode

Kurilenkov

Тараканов

Gus’kov

et al. 2011

Contrib. Plasma Phys.

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The energetic ions and DD neutrons from microfusion at the interelectrode space of a low energy nanosecond vacuum discharge with deuterium-loaded Pd anode has been demonstrated recently. To understand better the physics of fusion processes the detailed PIC simulation of the discharge experimental conditions have been developed using a fully electrodynamic code KARAT. The dynamics of main charge particle species was reconstructed in time and interelectrode space. The principal role of a virtual cathode (VC) and the corresponding single and double potential well formed in the interelectrode space are recognised. The calculated depth ϕ of the quasistationary potential well (PW) of the VC is about 50-60 kV, and the D + ions being trapped by this well accelerate up to energy values needed to provide collisional DD nuclear synthesis. Both experiment and PIC simulations illustrate very favourable scaling of the fusion power density at decreasing of VC radius ( ∼ ϕ 2 /r 4 V C ) for the chosen inertial electrostatic confinement fusion scheme based on miniature nanosecond vacuum discharge. Meanwhile, the initial stage of discharge is understood still poorly. When voltage is applied, the electron beam extracted from cathode starts to interact with the surface of deuterium-loaded Pd anode. This early stage of discharge manifests sometime the peaks registered by photomultipliers which are similar to neutron ones from time-of-flight measure under the study of collisional DD synthesis at the further stages of discharge. The detailed study of Pd anode surface morphology have been performed and recognized, in particular, the number of various pores and craters of different sizes. We remark that besides of rather usual craters (due to electron beams -anode interaction) some of the craters on the Pd anode surface may correspond to anode ectons (explosive centres) and consider their possible nature. Specifics of warm dense matter (WDM) generated at different stage of discharge is discussed. The data obtained are compared with recent results on initiation of DD reactions by electron beams at deuterium -loaded Pd foils and correspondent data on their surface morphology.

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“…Curved macro-particle filters are commonly utilized to mitigate particle contamination from the cathodic arc plasma stream. Neutral macro-particles are not be affected by the magnetic field and impact the outer surface of the curved duct [29,30].…”

Section: Vacuum Arc Plasma Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma-surface modification of biomaterials

Chu

Chen

Wang

et al. 2002

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

1,407

652

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Plasma-surface modification (PSM) is an effective and economical surface treatment technique for many materials and of growing interests in biomedical engineering. This article reviews the various common plasma techniques and experimental methods as applied to biomedical materials research, such as plasma sputtering and etching, plasma implantation, plasma deposition, plasma polymerization, laser plasma deposition, plasma spraying, and so on. The unique advantage of plasma modification is that the surface properties and biocompatibility can be enhanced selectively while the bulk attributes of the materials remain unchanged. Existing materials can, thus, be used and needs for new classes of materials may be obviated thereby shortening the time to develop novel and better biomedical devices. Recent work has spurred a number of very interesting applications in the biomedical field. This review article concentrates upon the current status of these techniques, new applications, and achievements pertaining to biomedical materials research. Examples described include hard tissue replacements, blood contacting prostheses, ophthalmic devices, and other products. #

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Twenty-five years of progress in vacuum arc research and utilization

Cited by 122 publications

References 93 publications

Influence of a Scanning Radial Magnetic Field on Macroparticle Reduction of Arc Ion-Plated Films

Influence of a Scanning Radial Magnetic Field on Macroparticle Reduction of Arc Ion-Plated Films

Warm Dense Matter Generation and DD Synthesis at Vacuum Discharge with Deuterium‐Loaded Pd Anode

Plasma-surface modification of biomaterials

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