Twenty-Five Years of Child and Family Homelessness: Where Are We Now?

Grant, Roy; Gracy, Delaney; Goldsmith, Grifin; Shapiro, Alan; Redlener, Irwin E.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301618

Cited by 113 publications

(106 citation statements)

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“…Contrary to prior research among homeless families, in our study, children's emotional and behavioral difficulties were associated with neither family status, nor parental educational level, employment status, income or food insecurity [11]. Additionally, we found no association with maternal depression or PTSD.…”

Section: Comparison To Prior Studiescontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…First, family household residential mobility is associated with children's well-being and granting poor families access to stable housing could help improve children's short and long-term outcomes [10,11,[69][70][71][72][73]. Other countries have implemented policies which reduced homelessness (e.g.…”

Section: Clinical and Policy Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…General risk factors for psychiatric difficulties in children include: genetic risk factors [5,6], parental and maternal poor physical and mental health [7][8][9][10][11][12][13], as well as prenatal [14,15], obstetrical complications [16], low socio-economic status (single-parent family, low educational or income level, food insecurity) [17][18][19][20][21][22][23], negative life events [11,22], low social networks and support [23], as well as domestic violence [24][25][26] and child maltreatment [26][27][28][29][30]. Children growing up in homeless families are disproportionately exposed to many of these exposures and experiences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emotional and behavioral difficulties in children growing up homeless in Paris. Results of the ENFAMS survey

et al. 2016

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Purpose: Children growing up in homeless families are disproportionately more likely to experience health and psychological problems. Our objective was to describe social, environmental, individual and family characteristics associated with emotional and behavioral difficulties among homeless children living in the Paris region.Methods: Face-to-face interviews with a representative sample of homeless families were conducted by bilingual psychologists and interviewers between January and May 2013 (n=343 children ages 4- years). Mothers reported children's emotional and behavioral difficulties (Strength and DifficultiesQuestionnaire -SDQ), family socio-demographic characteristics, residential mobility, and parents' and children's physical and mental health. Children were interviewed regarding their perception of their living arrangements, friendships and school experiences. We studied children's SDQ total score in a linear regression framework.Results: Homeless children had higher SDQ total scores than children in the general population of France, (mean total score =11.3 vs 8.9, p<0,001). In multivariate analyses, children's difficulties were associated with parents' region of birth (beta=1.74 for Sub-Saharan Africa, beta=0.60 for Eastern Europe, beta=3.22 for other countries, p=0.020), residential mobility (beta=0.22, p=0.012), children's health (beta=3.49, p<0.001) and overweight (beta=2.14, p=0.007), the child's sleeping habits (beta=2.82, p=0.002), the mother's suicide risk (beta=4.13, p<0.001), the child's dislike of the family's accommodation (beta=3.59, p<0.001) and the child's experience of bullying (beta=3.21, p=0.002). Conclusions:Children growing up homeless experience high levels of psychological difficulties which can put them at risk for poor mental health and educational outcomes long-term. Access to appropriate screening and medical care for this vulnerable yet underserved group are greatly needed.

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Section: Comparison To Prior Studiescontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical and Policy Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emotional and behavioral difficulties in children growing up homeless in Paris. Results of the ENFAMS survey

et al. 2016

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“…tight housing or labor markets), and bad luck (see, for example, O'Flaherty 2004O'Flaherty , 2010Shelton et al 2009;Gould & Williams 2010;Curtis et al 2013). Over time, society's perception of homelessness has changed as inadequate housing -once confined mainly to derelict single menbecame a broader social problem facing women, young people, and families (see McChesney 1990; Lee et al 2010;Grant et al 2013). In the United States today, for example, families with children represent the fastest growing segment of the homeless population (Tobin & Murphy 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Homelessness and Adult Employment: The Role of Education, Incarceration, and Welfare Receipt

Cobb‐Clark

Zhu

2015

SSRN Journal

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NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARYPeople who become homeless as a child are more likely to have lower employment rates in adulthood than those who become homeless later. Our research, using the Journey's Home survey, found by the time they are adults, those who are first homeless after the age of 15 years have an employment rate of 24%. But those who become homeless at or before the age of 15 have an employment rate of just 10%.Interestingly, those who first become homeless during the teenage years of 15 and 16 years have the worst outcomes. Homeless children and adolescents tend to have very different life paths from those who become homeless later. We also found differences by gender.For women, those who become homeless as a child are more likely to drop out of high school than those who become homeless later in life. In fact, nearly half of the employment gap between those who were homeless in childhood versus later in life is related to dropping out of high school. It is the most important factor -and a potential milestone in the path from childhood homelessness to unemployment (or being out of the labour force) in adulthood. Welfare receipt in general and specifically for mental illness-related disability payments also account for a large percentage of the employment gap.For men, dropping out of high school also plays an important role in accounting for the employment gap between those who were homeless in childhood versus later in life. Incarceration between the ages of 17 and 20 years old (inclusive) also plays a role, albeit a smaller one. However, unlike for women, welfare receipt matters little in explaining the employment gap. It's likely this gendered difference in the results is related to the strong relationship between child bearing and welfare receipt. This non-technical summary is based on a piece published in The Conversation. Find the full story here: https://theconversation.com/childhood-homelessness-makes-for-adult-unemployment-study-48887ABOUT THE AUTHORS Deborah Cobb-Clark's research agenda centres on the effect of social policy on labour market outcomes including immigration, sexual and racial harassment, health, old-age support, education and youth transitions. In particular, she is currently leading the innovative Youth in Focus Project which is analysing the pathways through which social and economic disadvantage is transmitted from parents to children in Australia. Email: d.cobbclark@unimelb.edu.au. Anna Zhu AbstractThis paper analyzes children's long-term consequences of experiencing homelessness. Our primary goal is to assess the importance of the potential pathways linking childhood homelessness to adult employment. We use novel panel data that link survey and administrative data for a sample of disadvantaged adults who are homeless or at risk of homelessness. We find that those experiencing homelessness for the first time as children are less likely to be employed than those who were never homeless as a child. For women, this relationship is largely explained by the lower educational attainme...

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“…Internacionalmente, essas pessoas de rua têm sido classificadas, dentro outras denominações, em crônicos -pessoas que estão na rua por seis meses ou mais, episódicos -pessoas que entram e saem da situação de rua, e transacionais -pessoas que estão em abrigos por um curto período de tempo (ARCE;VERGARE, 1984 (GRANT et al, 2013;FISHER et al, 2006 "desestruturado" aparece justificando a falta de condições financeiras para manter as necessidades básicas e criticando a estrutura e a configuração da família. Bezerra (2004), estudando características do uso de drogas e circunstâncias familiares de crianças atendidas em um programa de tratamento de drogas no Estado de Natal, corrobora essa opinião ao sugerir que a família facilmente ocupa o lugar de acusações por negligência, por permitir a saída de seus filhos para as ruas.…”

Section: ) No Brasil Dados Indicam Que O áLcool E O Tabaco São unclassified

A trajetória de usuários de crack para a situação de rua na perspectiva de familiares

Seleghim¹

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The crack cocaine phenomenon nowadays has attracted attention due to the gravity of the social and health consequences experienced by users that can reach the extreme to lead homelessness experiences. Although people living on streets for different reasons, crack cocaine users have potentiated the characteristics linked to homelessness, which may cause marginalization and difficulties to remain with families. The aim of this research was to comprehend how happens the crack cocaine user's trajectories to the street situation from the families' perspective. Qualitative study that used the systems approach as a theoretical framework and the narrative as methodological framework. The study was conducted in a Psycho-Social Care Centre for substance misuse of Ribeirão Preto city, São Paulo, firstly from family therapy groups and later by indications of professionals from this service. The participants were 11 families of crack users intentionally chosen according to criteria established previously. The following data collection instruments were used: 1) questionnaire with socioeconomic and demographic information of the relatives and the families, 2) questionnaire with user's data, 3) genogram, 4) in-depth interview with narrative and systemic focus, from a guiding question and 5) field diary. The dynamic of the interviews followed the composition of the data collection instruments, and all participants were interviewed twice. After the full transcript of the first interview, was prepared a report containing the main topics addressed by the subjects, as well as construction of questions for deepening in the second interview. The narratives produced by both interviews were grouped and transcribed fullly. Was used the inductive thematic analysis and validation of the categories by judges. Was found that the family understands the crack cocaine user's trajectories from two moments, configuring the categories of study: one before the process of the street situation, where they return to the past to narrate events about the life history of the users, entitled "On the road of stones": the return to the past to explain the present"; and later, where they narrated about related events specifically related to the initiation to the crack cocaine use and the process of homelessness, called "There is a nut among us": the familiar understanding of the occurrence of the street situation.In conclusion, we belive that drug use prevention strategies should begin early, especially in the school system, and actions to take knowledge about drugs to the family system of crack cocaine users is urgent need.

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Twenty-Five Years of Child and Family Homelessness: Where Are We Now?

Cited by 113 publications

References 57 publications

Emotional and behavioral difficulties in children growing up homeless in Paris. Results of the ENFAMS survey

Emotional and behavioral difficulties in children growing up homeless in Paris. Results of the ENFAMS survey

Childhood Homelessness and Adult Employment: The Role of Education, Incarceration, and Welfare Receipt

A trajetória de usuários de crack para a situação de rua na perspectiva de familiares

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