Twentieth Century Rumania

The [Re]-Emergence of Family Businesses in the Transforming Soviet Bloc: Family Contributions to Entrepreneurship Development in Romania

“…Women gravitated toward economics since the centralized system of the Communists generated a large number of administrative positions. Under communism, women were fairly well integrated into the economic system (Fischer-Gala¸ti, 1970). Men tended to study in technical fields and to have completed one more year of education (Table 2).…”

East european trade with the developing world: soviet diplomatic partner or economic self-interest

“…The average years of trade links for other regions were somewhat less than twenty years for Latin American countries, eighteen years for the Asian countries, and only eleven years for the sub-Saharan African states included in the analysis. 1955-198619551970-1986Sub-Saharan Africa 1955-198619551970-1986Asia 1955-198619551970-1986Latin America 1955-198619551970-1986 While sub-Saharan African nations did not maintain trade links as long as countries in other areas, in part the shorter time span for the trade relationships resulted from the later independence of these countries. Diplomatic initiatives with concurrent increases in trade could not be established with the former Portuguese colonies until after they had attained independence after the Portuguese withdrawals in 1975.…”

“…Rumania's refusal in the 1960s to subordinate its own domestic industrialization plans to serve an agricultural and raw material supplier for other COMECON members is a case in point (Fischer-Galati, 1970, pp. 150-1521.…”

National minority problems in Romania: Continuity or change?

“…During World War II the Germans of Romania tried to maintain a separate identity from both Germany and Romania, although numerous members of the German minority considered themselves Germans rather than Romanian Germans and fought with the German armies on the Russian front.' 8 The position of the German minority became precarious as Romania joined the Soviet-led anti-German coalition in August 1944 and declared war on Nazi Germany. The postwar Romanian governments, Communist-dominated or actually Communist, sought to destroy the homogeneity of what was perceived as bourgeois, "Fascist," German enclaves often through repatriation or resettlement.…”