Twelve Antioxidant Peptides From Protein Hydrolysate of Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) Roe Prepared by Flavourzyme: Purification, Sequence Identification, and Activity Evaluation

Abstract

For using aquatic by-products to manufacture high-value products, Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) roes were degreased, pretreated with microwave, and hydrolyzed using five proteases. The protein hydrolysate (TRPH) generated using Flavourzyme displayed the strongest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Twelve antioxidative peptides were prepared from TRPH by ultrafiltration and chromatography methods and determined to be SGE, VDTR, AEM, QDHKA, TVM, QEAE, YEA, VEP, AEHNH, QEP, QAEP, and YVM with molecular weights of 291.24, 489.50, 349.41, 597.59, 349.44, 475.42, 381.36, 343.37, 606.58, 372.35, 443.42, and 411.49 Da, respectively. AEM, QDHKA, YEA, AEHNH, and YVM presented the strongest scavenging activity on DPPH radical (EC50 values of 0.250±0.035, 0.279±0.017, 0.233±0.012, 0.334±0.011, and 0.288±0.015 mg/ml, respectively), hydroxyl radical (EC50 values of 0.456±0.015, 0.536±0.021, 0.476 ± 0.051, 0.369 ± 0.052, and 0.413 ± 0.019 mg/ml, respectively), and superoxide anion free radical (EC50 values of 0.348 ± 0.018, 0.281 ± 0.013, 0.305 ± 0.022, 0.198 ± 0.011, and 0.425 ± 0.021 mg/ml, respectively). Moreover, AEM, QDHKA, YEA, AEHNH, and YVM presented high lipid peroxidation inhibition ability, Ferric-reducing power, and significant protective function on H2O2-induced Chang liver cells. Therefore, AEM, QDHKA, YEA, AEHNH, and YVM could be natural antioxidant ingredients used in pharmaceutical and functional products.

Antioxidant Peptides From Protein Hydrolysate of Marine Red Algae Eucheuma cottonii: Preparation, Identification, and Cytoprotective Mechanisms on H2O2 Oxidative Damaged HUVECs

“…The EC 50 values of EP4 on HO⋅ and O- 2⋅ were 1.24 ± 0.10 mm and 0.56 ± 0.16 mm, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of other five peptides (EP1: 5.97 ± 0.25, 4.91 ± 0.11; EP2: 4.35 ± 0.22, 3.19 ± 0.26; EP3: 2.87 ± 0.15, 1.34 ± 0.11; EP5: 2.57 ± 0.20, 1.61 ± 0.17; EP6: 3.54 ± 0.25,1.91 ± 0.11 mm, respectively) ( p < 0.05). At the same time, they were also notably less than those peptides from skipjack tuna ( K. pelamis ) roe (AEM: 1.31 ± 0.043, 1.00 ± 0.052; TVM: 2.70 ± 0.19, 3.06 ± 0.18; YEA: 1.25 ± 0.13, 0.80 ± 0.058; VDTR: 3.11 ± 0.17, 3.32 ± 0.25 mm, respectively) ( Wang et al, 2022 ), Antarctic krill (VEK: 4.63 ± 0.11, 0.86 ± 0.061; VEKT: 3.22 ± 0.12, 1.81 ± 0.67; AEKTR: 2.90 ± 0.13, 6.60 ± 0.59; VEKGK: 2.91 ± 0.023, 2.98 ± 0.082, LKPGN: 1.36 ± 0.011, 1.42 ± 0.045 mm, respectively) ( Wang et al, 2021 ), skipjack tuna ( K. pela mis ) head (DAGPYGPI: 2.17 ± 0.076, 1.92 ± 0.014; VEE: 6.47 ± 0.029, 4.77 ± 0.029 mm, respectively) ( Zhang et al, 2019a ), and E. superba (AFLWA: 2.35 ± 0.12, 1.79 ± 0.055; SLPY: 1.73 ± 0.056, 1.65 ± 0.17; EYEA: 1.85 ± 0.022, 1.55 ± 0.11; NVPDM: 3.20 ± 0.056, 5.07 ± 0.27 mm) ( Zhang et al, 2021 ). In addition, the EC 50 value of EP4 on O- 2⋅ was significantly lower than the positive control of GSH (1.11 ± 0.12 mm, p < 0.05).…”

Preparation, Characterization, and Cytoprotective Effects on HUVECs of Fourteen Novel Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides From Protein Hydrolysate of Tuna Processing By-Products

“…Global fish production reached around 179 million tons, in which marine capture fishery production reached about 84.4 million tons ( 1 ). However, ~50% of these catches are generated as by-products in the manufacturing process ( 2 – 4 ), and those by-products create burdensome disposal problems and bring serious environmental pollution problems ( 5 – 7 ). Therefore, researchers keep trying to establish high-value utilization methods for producing useful marketable products using functional components in fish by-products ( 8 – 12 ).…”

“…On the contrary, several functional molecules, such as collagen/gelatin, unsaturated fatty acid, protease, and polysaccharides, are generated from skipjack tuna by-products and exhibited huge application prospects and various biological activities ( 22 , 23 ). Moreover, some bioactive peptides have been prepared from protein hydrolysates of tuna by-products, such as bone/frame ( 24 ), scale ( 25 ), roe ( 4 ), milt ( 21 ), and head and viscera ( 26 , 27 ). In addition, Chi et al found that protein hydrolysates of tuna dark muscle presented significant radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition ability ( 28 ).…”

Preparation, Identification, Molecular Docking Study and Protective Function on HUVECs of Novel ACE Inhibitory Peptides from Protein Hydrolysate of Skipjack Tuna Muscle

“…Skipjack tuna ( Katsuwonus pelamis ) is a commercially important marine product worldwide and is considered a high-protein, low-fat, and low-calorie food [ 19 , 20 ]. Functional molecules such as collagens/gelatin, unsaturated fatty acid, protease, and polysaccharides have been generated from skipjack tuna and its by-products and exhibit potential application prospects and various biological activities, e.g., preventing arteriosclerosis, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer, as well as lowering blood cholesterol levels [ 21 , 22 ].…”

“…Functional molecules such as collagens/gelatin, unsaturated fatty acid, protease, and polysaccharides have been generated from skipjack tuna and its by-products and exhibit potential application prospects and various biological activities, e.g., preventing arteriosclerosis, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer, as well as lowering blood cholesterol levels [ 21 , 22 ]. Presently, various bioactive peptides have been found in tuna by-products, such as bone/frame [ 23 , 24 ], scale [ 25 ], roe [ 20 , 26 ], and head and viscera [ 27 , 28 ]. In addition, Maeda et al, reported that the dietary dark muscle protein of tuna could reduce hepatic steatosis and promote serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in obese Type-2 diabetic/obese KK-A (y) mice [ 29 ].…”