Tweens demulsification effects on heavy crude oil/water emulsion

Hayati-Roodbari, Nastaran; Badiei, Alireza; Soleimani, Esmaiel; Khaniani, Yeganeh

doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.08.009

Cited by 52 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It is noteworthy that the lower the HLB is, the higher the separation efficiency will be. This result is attributed to the higher affinity of the surfactants with lower HLB, in the oil phase, corroborating the results presented by Roodbari et al [35]. EO3 is a surfactant of lower HLB in the series studied (Table 2) and, therefore, it has higher solubility in the oil phase.…”

Section: Influence Of the Hlb Value On O/w Separationsupporting

confidence: 92%

Oil removal of oilfield-produced water by induced air flotation using nonionic surfactants

Silva

Chiavone‐Filho

Neto

et al. 2014

Desalination and Water Treatment

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A B S T R A C TOil separation from produced water is commonly carried out at oilfields for resource recovery as well as environmental reasons. In this work, the separation of oil by induced air flotation was studied in a batch unit. A series of nonionic surfactants with different hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) values were used as a flotation agent. The effects of different HLB values and surfactant concentration on the oil removal of oilfield produced water were investigated. The removal rate constant (k) was determined and the flotation process followed first-order kinetics. The maximum oil removal obtained was approx. 80% after 4 min of flotation.

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Section: Influence Of the Hlb Value On O/w Separationsupporting

confidence: 92%

Oil removal of oilfield-produced water by induced air flotation using nonionic surfactants

Silva

Chiavone‐Filho

Neto

et al. 2014

Desalination and Water Treatment

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“…Density, viscosity, chemical composition, and water content of crude oil, and hence the extent of its stability may vary remarkably from field to field and even within the same production well at different times [19,20].…”

Section: Water-in-oil (W/o) Emulsionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demulsification techniques of water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions in petroleum industry

Zolfaghari

Fakhru’l‐Razi

Abdullah

et al. 2016

Separation and Purification Technology

505

255

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The difficulties associated with transportation and refining of crude oil emulsions as well as produced water discharge limitations are among the conspicuous clues that have led the oilfield researchers to probe into practical demulsification methods for many decades.Inconsistent research outcomes observed in the literature for a particular demulsification method of a typical emulsion (i.e., water-in-oil or oil-in-water) arise not only from the varied influential parameters associated (such as salinity, temperature, pH, dispersed phase content, emulsifier/demulsifier concentration, droplet size, etc.), but also from the diverse types of emulsion constituents (namely oil, surfactant, salt, alkali, polymer, fine solids, and/or other chemicals/impurities). Being the main component in formation of stabilizing interfacial film surrounding the dispersed phase droplets, surfactant is the most predominant contributor to emulsion stability, extent of which depends on its nature (being ionic or nonionic, and its degree of hydrophilicity/lipophilicity), concentration and interaction with other surface-active agents in the emulsion, as well as on the salinity, temperature, and pH of the system. In this paper, it is endeavored to overview some of the most commonly exploited demulsification techniques (i.e., chemical, biological, membrane, electrical, and microwave irradiation) on both the oilfield and synthetic emulsions, taking into account the emulsion-stabilizing anddestabilizing effects with regard to the dominant parameters plus the emulsion composition.Further, the variations occurring in interfacial properties of emulsions by demulsification process are discussed. Finally, the mechanism(s) involved in emulsions resolution achieved by each method is elucidated. Clearly, the most efficient demulsification approach is the one able to attain desirable separation efficiency while complying with the environmental regulations and imposing the least economic burden on the petroleum industry.

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“…Various studies have shown that successful metal recovery with chemical demulsification [63][64][65]. Sometimes combinations of chemical and physical approaches are necessary for successful demulsification to take place [59].…”

Section: Types Of Elm Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In chemical demulsification, studies have shown that non-ionic surfactants such as Tweens and surfactants characterized by a high number of hydrophilic groups have also shown to be good demulsifiers [61,62]. The hydrophilic groups lead to the formation of hydrogen bonds with water in the stripping phase hence leading to demulsification [63]. The addition of the demulsifier prevents the reuse of the ELM in another extraction [50].…”

Section: Types Of Elm Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mini-Review on the Use of Liquid Membranes in the Extraction of Platinum Group Metals from Mining and Metal Refinery Wastewaters/Side-Streams

Moyo¹

2014

J Bioremed Biodeg

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The current mini-review focuses on the use of liquid membranes in the platinum group metal (PGM/PGMs) extraction from various types of wastewaters to prevent environmental pollution; and for the metal recovery to address the scarcity of the PGMs in the industrial cycles. The bulk liquid membranes have been used to the extracted PGMs from the (acidic) aqueous media with recoveries of up to 96.3 ± 2.5% of the original PGM amount. The extraction time generally ranges from 2 to 24 hours. The bulk membrane liquid in the PGM extraction will depend on the covalent structure of the extractant, the feed phase PGM concentration and the complex of the PGM in question that is actually extracted from the aqueous environment. The advantages of this type of liquid membrane include its operational simplicity, but the disadvantages include limited possibility to improve the extraction performance of the system. Literature data are encouraging as they indicate that extraction of PGMs from mining and metal-refinery side-streams does not suffer from interference from metal contaminants that are commonly found in the mining and metal refinery side-streams, e.g. iron. Thus further research should focus on the application of ELM to extraction of PGMs from said wastewaters and major research drive should focus on the use of the Taylorvortex column and the non-Newtonian ELMs. With the supported liquid membranes, 78-82% of the original PGM content could be recovered from model side-streams. The selectivity of the extraction for individual PGMs can be controlled by the extractant used.Palladium is the most studied PGM with respect to extraction from wastewater using the LM technology. Extractants that have been used in this regard include di-2-ethylhexyl-thiophosphoric acid [8], 8quinolone derivatives [9] and Cyanex 471 [10]. Various arrangements of the LM have been used, e.g. the ELM with LIX 984N-C as the extractant [11]. The SLMs have been used to extract various PGMs from wastewater using the following extractants: Aliquat 336 for Pt (IV) [12], Pd (II) [13] and Rh (III) [14]; and MSP-8 for Pd(II) [15]. Quantitative extraction is generally achieved within 2 to 24 hours [16].Stripping phases generally contain HCl or HNO 3 and sometimes this is supplemented by thiourea [17]. The current mini-review focuses on the use of LMs in the PGM extraction from various types of wastewaters. The article will cover the metal removal from the mining and metal-refinery side-streams, wastewaters from battery production and other potential sources of environmental pollution; and metal recovery to address the scarcity of the PGMs in the industrial cycles.

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Tweens demulsification effects on heavy crude oil/water emulsion

Cited by 52 publications

References 17 publications

Oil removal of oilfield-produced water by induced air flotation using nonionic surfactants

Oil removal of oilfield-produced water by induced air flotation using nonionic surfactants

Demulsification techniques of water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions in petroleum industry

Mini-Review on the Use of Liquid Membranes in the Extraction of Platinum Group Metals from Mining and Metal Refinery Wastewaters/Side-Streams

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