tVNS Increases Liking of Orally Sampled Low-Fat Foods: A Pilot Study

Öztürk, Lina; Büning, Pia Elisa; Frangos, Eleni; Lartigue, Guillaume de; Veldhuizen, Maria G.

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2020.600995

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Intriguingly, we also observed a decrease in pre-drink motivation to consume the drink ("wanting") after nVNS in cymba conchae. This is in agreement with the observation that nVNS increases drive to obtain less-wanted prospective food rewards [22] and increases liking of less-liked low-fat puddings [21]. Other studies have not shown effects of increases in liking or wanting of food (images) in healthy controls [42,43].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Liking and wanting ratings of food images were not affected in healthy controls, but in participants with major depressive disorder liking ratings increased under concurrent nVNS in cymba conchae. We previously showed an effect of concurrent nVNS in cymba conchae on liking of orally sampled foods, such that liking of low-fat puddings, but not of high-fat puddings, was increased [21]. Food intake was not affected in this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 45%

“…Other studies have not shown effects of increases in liking or wanting of food (images) in healthy controls [42,43]. Perhaps effects of nVNS vary as a function of food stimulus saliency, which is presumably higher when it is sufficiently proximal (in the mouth) [21] or the object of a goal-directed task…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation in a hungry state decreases heart rate variability and wanting of a palatable drink

Altinkaya

Öztürk

Büyükgüdük

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Vagus nerve signals from the gut to brain carry information about nutrients and drive food reward. Such signals are disrupted by consuming large amounts of high-calorie foods, necessitating greater food intake to elicit a similar neural response. Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) via a branch innervating the ear is a candidate treatment for obesity in humans. There is disagreement on the optimal location of nVNS in the ear for experimental and clinical studies. There are also no studies comparing nVNS in hungry and full states. We aimed to compare ear position(s) for nVNS and explore the effects of nVNS during hungry and full states on proxies for autonomic outflow (heart-rate variability) and efferent metabolism (gastric frequency and resting energy expenditure).In a within-subject design, 14 participants (10 women, on average 29.4 +/- 6.7 years old) received nVNS in four different locations (cymba conchae, tragus, earlobe, or tragus AND cymba conchae) on separate days. In each session, participants were asked to consume a palatable chocolate flavored milk. With electrography on the abdomen and indirect calorimetry in a canopy, we measured electro-cardiogram, electro-gastrogram and resting energy expenditure for 15 minutes before and at least 35 minutes after consumption of the palatable drink. We also collected ratings of the palatable drink and internal and other states.Pre-drink consumption (in a hungry state) we observed no differences in the effect of location of acute nVNS on resting energy expenditure and gastric frequency. However, nVNS in cymba conchae decreases heart-rate variability and ratings of how much participants want to consume the drink. After drink consumption and with continued nVNS, gastric frequency is unchanged, and resting energy expenditure increases regardless of stimulation location. Heart-rate variability decreases in all locations, except cymba conchae. We also observe a trend for an increase in gastric frequency in late post-drink consumption time-points in cymba conchae.These results suggest that nVNS in the cymba conchae in a hungry state has a similar acute effect on vagal tone as food consumption: to decrease heart rate variability. This effect then negates the usual postprandial effects of a decrease in heart rate variability as seen in the other nVNS locations. This suggests that nVNS in cymba conchae may act primarily on vagal afferent autonomic (and only modestly on metabolic output) in a similar way as food consumption does.HighlightsWe measured autonomic outflow and efferent metabolism before and after consumptionWe manipulated the location of nVNS stimulation in the outer earThe different locations were earlobe, cymba conchae, tragus, cymba conchae+tragusnVNS in cymba conchae decreases pre-consumption heart-rate variability and wantingnVNS in other locations decreases post-consumption heart-rate variabilty

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 45%

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Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation in a hungry state decreases heart rate variability and wanting of a palatable drink

Altinkaya

Öztürk

Büyükgüdük

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Since stimulation effects or differences between patients with MDD and HCP could be specific for certain types of food (Bodenlos et al, 2007;Öztürk et al, 2020), we performed an additional analysis only including food images and partitioned them according to their caloric density (high-caloric vs. low-caloric food) and taste quality (sweet vs. savory). We adapted our main model and included Caloric Density, Taste, and their interactions instead of the Image Type factor as within-subject factors.…”

Section: Ratingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation normalizes food liking and improves liking ratings in depression

Koepp¹,

Klaus²,

Ferstl³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Introduction: The vagus nerve plays a prominent role in the regulation of food reward and energy metabolism. However, previous studies using vagus nerve stimulation yielded conflicting results regarding changes in food reward in healthy participants and participants with major depressive disorder (MDD), for which vagal nerve stimulation is an effective treatment. Methods: We investigated the acute effects of right transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on ratings of liking and wanting of food and non-food items in 63 participants, including 31 patients with MDD. To test for taVNS-induced changes and interactions with between-subject variables group (MDD vs. healthy controls) and questionnaire scores as well as within-subject variables, we performed linear mixed-effects analysis. In addition, we assessed whether individual taVNS-induced changes in food reward ratings were dependent on average ratings.Results: taVNS increased liking of food cues in participants with MDD (p= 0.023), but not in healthy participants (p= 0.657). Specifically, taVNS induced larger improvements in liking ratings with increasing scores of anhedonia (p= 0.029). Notably, across all participants, taVNS reduced the variance of food liking compared to sham, suggesting that taVNS normalizes extreme liking ratings towards moderate levels (p = 0.039).Discussion: Our results show that taVNS acutely ameliorates hedonic responses in MDD suggesting that it could provide an effective treatment of anhedonia. Since anhedonia is difficult to treat with conventional therapies, taVNS may provide a powerful adjuvant to rapidly improve motivational deficiencies.

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“…In several studies, the reduction in weight loss and BMI achieved with vagal nerve therapy has been reported to improve obesity-associated medical problems, for example, diabetes and metabolic syndrome, with fewer risks than conventional bariatric surgery such as gastrointestinal leak, intra-abdominal bleeding, bowel obstruction, stricture, and ulceration [36,37]. Vagal nerve therapy is well tolerated, and there were no major adverse events stated in the literature [38][39][40][41][42][43]. Only mild or moderate events of nausea due to anaesthesia were reported [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vagal Nerve Therapy in the Management of Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Fadel,

Fehervari,

Das

et al. 2023

Eur Surg Res

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Introduction: The vagus nerve has an important role in satiety, metabolism and autonomic control in upper gastrointestinal function. However, the role and effects of vagal nerve therapy on weight loss remain controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effects of vagal nerve therapy on weight loss, body mass index (BMI) and obesity-related conditions. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases were searched for studies up to April 2022 that reported on % excess weight loss (%EWL) or BMI at 12 months or remission of obesity-related conditions following vagal nerve therapy from January 2000 to April 2022. Weighted mean difference (WMD) was calculated, and meta-analysis was performed using random-effect models and between-study heterogeneity was assessed. Results: Fifteen studies, of which nine were randomised-controlled trials, of 1447 patients were included. Vagal nerve therapy led to some improvement in %EWL (WMD 17.19%; 95% CI 10.94 to 23.44; p < 0.001) and BMI (WMD -2.24 kg/m2; 95% CI -4.07 to -0.42; p = 0.016). There was a general improvement found in HbA1c following vagal nerve therapy when compared to no treatment given. No major complications were reported. Conclusions: Vagal nerve therapy can safely result in a mild-to-moderate improvement in weight loss. However, further clinical trials are required to confirm these results and investigate the possibility of the long-term benefit of vagal nerve therapy as a dual therapy combined with standard surgical bariatric interventions.

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tVNS Increases Liking of Orally Sampled Low-Fat Foods: A Pilot Study

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation in a hungry state decreases heart rate variability and wanting of a palatable drink

Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation in a hungry state decreases heart rate variability and wanting of a palatable drink

Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation normalizes food liking and improves liking ratings in depression

Vagal Nerve Therapy in the Management of Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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