Tutorial for Using Control Systems Engineering to Optimize Adaptive Mobile Health Interventions

Hekler, Eric B.; Rivera, Daniel E.; Martín, César A.; Phatak, Sayali S.; Freigoun, Mohammad T.; Korinek, Elizabeth V.; Klasnja, Predrag; Adams, Marc A.; Buman, Matthew P.

doi:10.2196/jmir.8622

Cited by 118 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…Moreover, Hekler et al. () have provided a road map for how a research programme can integrate findings from simulations, observational studies, and experimental interventions. Innovations in experimental methodology (e.g.…”

Section: How Can We Move Forward?mentioning

confidence: 99%

It's About Time: Answering the Call for Greater Precision in Research and Practice

Rothman

2019

Applied Psych Health & Well

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The conviction that evidence-based practice will afford progress in global efforts to modify the behaviours that underlie current rates of morbidity and premature mortality rests on the development of an evidence base that can inform the design and evaluation of intervention practices . Yet, despite an ever-growing research literature, there is lingering frustration with what can be gleaned from the evidence available. In response to this state of affairs, there have been calls to improve the connections between theory and interventions (Hekler et al., 2016;Rothman, 2004), initiatives have emerged that delineate how to translate basic principles into intervention strategies (Czajkowski et al., 2015;Nielsen, Riddle, & King, 2018;Sheeran, Klein, & Rothman, 2017), resources have been developed to help investigators specify the intervention techniques being utilised and how they might work (Carey et al., in press; Michie et al., 2013), and guidance is available, within domains, regarding what constructs to measure and how best to measure them (e.g. weight loss; MacLean et al., 2018).Although these efforts have considerable promise, collectively they rest on our understanding of the relation between people's psychological experience and their behaviour and, thus, depend on the quality of the principles that can be derived from current theoretical models of health behaviour. In her paper, "It's time to think about time in health psychology", Urte Scholz (2019), compellingly argues that current models have failed to engage sufficiently with the time course of the relations they describe. The principles that can be derived from these models offer limited guidance regarding their temporal parameters; yet the prevailing focus of most research in health psychology is on delineating -and then attempting to leverage-the interplay between constructs over time (e.g. the relation between perceptions of personal risk and precautionary behaviour;Weinstein, 2007). Even with a growing focus on efforts to promote bs_bs_banner sustained changes in behaviour and the observation that the determinants of behaviour may shift over time, theorising regarding the time course of these phenomena remains remarkably underdeveloped (Kwasnicka, Dombrowski, White, & Sniehotta, 2016;Rothman, Baldwin, Hertel, & Fuglestad, 2011). Thus, there is a disconnect between what investigators are trying to accomplish and the theoretical principles they rely on to guide those efforts (Dunton, 2018).With this call to action, Scholz (2019) illustrates not only the paucity of current theorising regarding temporal factors, but also how engaging with temporal factors should enrich the practical value of our theories and, thus, the impact they can have on practice. It is hard to imagine that readers will respond anyway but favourably to this call, embracing the importance of time, but what can be done to ensure that this favourable response, in fact, leads to action? As the intention-behaviour gap is not solely the province of individuals struggling to manage their...

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Section: How Can We Move Forward?mentioning

confidence: 99%

It's About Time: Answering the Call for Greater Precision in Research and Practice

Rothman

2019

Applied Psych Health & Well

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“…The first attempts at developing a general behaviour model have been made by Rivera et al [30,34,43]. Early versions of their dynamic behaviour model are based on the theory of planned behaviour (TBP) [34], with later versions based on SCT [30].…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early versions of their dynamic behaviour model are based on the theory of planned behaviour (TBP) [34], with later versions based on SCT [30]. Their models have been applied to smoking cessation [55], fibromyalgia pain [10], weight gain [13,34], and to physical activity [43]. Thus far the examples have been quite simple with inputs and outputs that can easily be quantified such as the number of steps walked [43].…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their models have been applied to smoking cessation [55], fibromyalgia pain [10], weight gain [13,34], and to physical activity [43]. Thus far the examples have been quite simple with inputs and outputs that can easily be quantified such as the number of steps walked [43].…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first values of the control sequence are then used as the next inputs to the system and the process is repeated each time step. An excellent introduction to the idea of using control theory for digital health interventions is provided by Rivera [43]. This gives a list of the required and desirable attributes for a problem to be suited to using control theory (Fig.…”

Section: Systems and Control Theory For Persuasionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persuasive Health

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Proceedings of the 13th EAI International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare

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With individual behaviour and lifestyle determining 30-50% of people's health, research and supportive technology for affecting behaviour alteration remain urgently needed. Most existing persuasive systems are designed to persuade a user to change a finite set of behaviours to achieve a specific goal. However, if the user's situation or goal changes, such systems cannot adapt to the changes. A much more robust type of persuasive system is needed today to enable adequate health navigation and to empower people to face and change their own realities in terms of a large variety of health behaviours and lifestyles. In this paper, we provide a perspective on the impressive body of work contributed over the past 15 years, to better look into the future of persuasive health and to the opportunities a broader theoretical framework and practical methodologies may bring about. We present a taxonomy that attempts to explain the contributions in this field including health behaviour theory, cybernetic actionbehaviour models, social cognitive theory, and control theory. We identify potentially promising approaches to advance persuasive health's efficacy in empowering individuals to improve their own health outcomes.

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Introduction to Intervention Research

2021

Nursing and Health Interventions

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Tutorial for Using Control Systems Engineering to Optimize Adaptive Mobile Health Interventions

Cited by 118 publications

References 127 publications

It's About Time: Answering the Call for Greater Precision in Research and Practice

It's About Time: Answering the Call for Greater Precision in Research and Practice

Persuasive Health

Introduction to Intervention Research

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