Tutorial and Guidelines on Measurement of Sound Pressure Level in Voice and Speech

Švec, Jan G.; Granqvist, Svante

doi:10.1044/2017_jslhr-s-17-0095

Cited by 91 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Even though the model relies on simplifying assumptions, the experimental and theoretical values follow the same trend and match reasonably well. The final SPL difference between the subglottal and radiated sound depends mainly on the dominant components of the sound spectrum which are around the lowest harmonic frequencies 50 . In our case these were around 50-200 Hz (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subglottal pressure oscillations in anechoic and resonant conditions and their influence on excised larynx phonations

Lehoux

Hampala

Švec

2021

Sci Rep

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Excised larynges serve as natural models for studying behavior of the voice source. Acoustic resonances inside the air-supplying tubes below the larynx (i.e., subglottal space), however, interact with the vibratory behavior of the larynges and obscure their inherent vibration properties. Here, we explore a newly designed anechoic subglottal space which allows removing its acoustic resonances. We performed excised larynx experiments using both anechoic and resonant subglottal spaces in order to analyze and compare, for the very first time, the corresponding subglottal pressures, electroglottographic and radiated acoustic waveforms. In contrast to the resonant conditions, the anechoic subglottal pressure waveforms showed negligible oscillations during the vocal fold contact phase, as expected. When inverted, these waveforms closely matched the inverse filtered radiated sound waveforms. Subglottal resonances modified also the radiated sound pressures (Level 1 interactions). Furthermore, they changed the fundamental frequency (fo) of the vocal fold oscillations and offset phonation threshold pressures (Level 2 interactions), even for subglottal resonance frequencies 4–10 times higher than fo. The obtained data offer the basis for better understanding the inherent vibratory properties of the vocal folds, for studying the impact of structure-acoustic interactions on voice, and for validation of computational models of voice production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subglottal pressure oscillations in anechoic and resonant conditions and their influence on excised larynx phonations

Lehoux

Hampala

Švec

2021

Sci Rep

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“…The microphoneto-mouth distance was measured for each participant. A 1000-Hz calibration tone was recorded after each data collection using the participant's microphone-to-mouth distance as the distance from the sound source to the microphone and SPL meter (Švec & Granqvist, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tongue- and Jaw-Specific Articulatory Underpinnings of Reduced and Enhanced Acoustic Vowel Contrast in Talkers With Parkinson's Disease

Mefferd

Dietrich

2019

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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This study sought to identify the articulatorspecific mechanisms that underlie reduced and enhanced acoustic vowel contrast in talkers with dysarthria due to Parkinson's disease (PD). Method: Seventeen talkers with mild-moderate dysarthria due to PD and 17 controls completed a sentence repetition task using typical, slow, loud, and clear speech. Tongue and jaw articulatory movements were recorded using 3D electromagnetic articulography. Independent tongue displacements, jaw displacements, and acoustic vowel contrast were calculated for the diphthong /aɪ/ embedded in the word kite. Results: During typical speech, independent tongue displacement, but not jaw displacement, contributed significantly to the intertalker variance in acoustic vowel contrast. Loudness-related acoustic vowel contrast gains were predominantly jaw driven in controls but driven by the tongue and jaw in talkers with PD. Further, in both groups, clarity-related acoustic vowel contrast gains were predominantly jaw driven. Finally, in both groups, rate-related acoustic vowel contrast gains were predominantly tongue driven; however, the jaw also contributed. These jaw contributions were greater in the PD group than in the control group. Conclusions: Findings suggest that a tongue-specific articulatory impairment underlies acoustic vowel contrast deterioration in talkers with PD, at least during the early stages of speech decline. Findings further suggest that slow speech engages the impaired tongue more than loud and clear speech in talkers with PD. However, slow speech was also associated with an abnormally strong jaw response in these talkers, which suggests that a compensatory articulatory behavior may also be elicited. P arkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease commonly associated with a progressive impairment of motor functions. Cardinal motor symptoms include a resting tremor, slowed movements (bradykinesia), reduced movements (hypokinesia), muscle stiffness (rigidity), and postural instability (e.g., Jankovic, 2008). In addition to progressively impaired limb motor functions (e.g., walking, writing, reaching, and grasping), bulbar motor functions (e.g., speaking, swallowing) can also become affected. In fact, up to 90% of people with PD develop dysarthria (e.g., Ho, Iansek, Marigliani, Bradshaw, & Gates, 1998; Logemann, Fisher, Boshes, & Blonsky, 1978). The deterioration of speech function is characterized by pathological changes in speech breathing, vocal quality, vocal loudness, speaking rate, prosody, and speech sound precision; however, the extent to which these pathological changes manifest can vary greatly among talkers with PD (e.g., Darley,

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“…The microphone was placed at a fixed distance of 10 cm from the animal's mouth. SPL levels were calibrated with C frequency weighting for a distance of 30 cm using an SPL meter (ATL SL-8851, ATP Instrumentation Ltd, Ashby-dela-Zouch, UK), applying method 5 from Svec and Granqvist (2017). Background noise levels were measured at 55.3 dB(C).…”

Section: Materials and Methods Data Acquisition In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

Japanese macaque phonatory physiology

Herbst

Koda

Kunieda

et al. 2018

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Although the call repertoire and its communicative function are relatively well explored in Japanese macaques (), little empirical data are available on the physics and the physiology of this species' vocal production mechanism. Here, a 6 year old female Japanese macaque was trained to phonate under an operant conditioning paradigm. The resulting 'coo' calls and spontaneously uttered 'growl' and 'chirp' calls were recorded with sound pressure level (SPL) calibrated microphones and electroglottography (EGG), a non-invasive method for assessing the dynamics of phonation. A total of 448 calls were recorded, complemented by recordings on an excised Japanese macaque larynx. In this novel multidimensional investigative paradigm, and data were matched via comparable EGG waveforms. Subsequent analysis suggests that the vocal range (range of fundamental frequency and SPL) of the macaque was comparable to that of a 7-10 year old human, with the exception of low intensity chirps, the production of which may be facilitated by the species' vocal membranes. In coo calls, redundant control of fundamental frequency in relation to SPL was also comparable to that in humans. EGG data revealed that growls, coos and chirps were produced by distinct laryngeal vibratory mechanisms. EGG further suggested changes in the degree of vocal fold adduction, resulting in spectral variation within the emitted coo calls, ranging from 'breathy' (including aerodynamic noise components) to 'non-breathy'. This is again analogous to humans, corroborating the notion that phonation in humans and non-human primates is based on universal physical and physiological principles.

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Tutorial and Guidelines on Measurement of Sound Pressure Level in Voice and Speech

Cited by 91 publications

References 27 publications

Subglottal pressure oscillations in anechoic and resonant conditions and their influence on excised larynx phonations

Subglottal pressure oscillations in anechoic and resonant conditions and their influence on excised larynx phonations

Tongue- and Jaw-Specific Articulatory Underpinnings of Reduced and Enhanced Acoustic Vowel Contrast in Talkers With Parkinson's Disease

Japanese macaque phonatory physiology

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