Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (8th Ed.)

Rhodin, Anders G. J.; Iverson, John B.; Bour, Roger; Fritz, Uwe; Georges, Arthur; Shaffer, H. Bradley; Dijk, Peter Paul van

doi:10.3854/crm.7.checklist.atlas.v8.2017

Cited by 200 publications

(237 citation statements)

References 305 publications

(514 reference statements)

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“…Our mtDNA results indicated that P. t. tentorius consisted of four clades, each occurring in a different region, generally isolated from each other. Based on morphology, tortoises above the GE in the KHR regions were previously considered to be P. t. trimeni (Boycott & Bourquin, ; Branch, ) but our results confirmed the findings reported in Hofmeyr et al () and Rhodin et al () that these tortoises belong to P. t. tentorius (clade 4). Our sampling showed that P. t. trimeni is only present west of the GE in the WCSK region of South Africa.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Clade 1, C7, and C5 included specimens previously recognized as P. t. tentorius (Boycott & Bourquin, ), whereas C4 comprised individuals previously considered P. t. trimeni but recently identified as P. t. tentorius from the Kamiesberg, Hamtam Karoo and Roggeveldberge (KHR) region of the western Great Escarpment (GE; Rhodin et al, ). Clade 3 included samples of P. t. trimeni from the West Coast Succulent Karoo (WCSK) region (Boycott & Bourquin, ; Rhodin et al, ), and appeared as the sister group of C2, which comprised P. t. verroxii (Boycott & Bourquin, ; Rhodin et al, ) south of the Orange River. Clade 6 also comprised of P. t. verroxii populations, occurring north of the Orange River (NOR), being the sister group of C2 + C3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unraveling the diversification and systematic puzzle of the highly polymorphicPsammobates tentorius(Bell, 1828) complex (Reptilia: Testudinidae) through phylogenetic analyses and species delimitation approaches

Zhao

Heideman

Grobler

et al. 2019

J Zool Syst Evol Res

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The high level of phenotypic diversity in southern African tent tortoises (Psammobates tentorius complex) has for decades prevented systematists from developing a stable taxonomy for the group. Here, we used a comprehensive DNA sequence dataset (mtDNA: Cytb, ND4, ND4 adjacent tRNA-His, and tRNA-Ser, 12S, 16S; and nDNA:PRLR gene) of 455 specimens, and the latest phylogenetic and species delimitation analytical procedures, to unravel the long-standing P. tentorius complex systematic puzzle. Our results for mtDNA and nDNA were incongruent, with the poorly supported nDNA phylogeny differentiating the three recognized subspecies, and showing potential hybridization in some regions. In contrast, the concatenated mtDNA phylogeny identified seven operational taxonomic units, with strong support. Clades 1, 4, 5, and 7 corresponded to tortoises identified as P. t. tentorius, clade 3 to P. t. trimeni, and clades 2 and 6 to P. t. verroxii. Our analyses showed conflicting topologies for the placement of C6 (P. t. verroxii north of the Orange River), with stronger support for it being sister to C2 + C3 than to the other clades. Clades 1, 2, and 6 had significantly higher genetic diversity than clades 3, 4, 5, and 7, perhaps because these clades inhabit substantially larger areas. The potential for future cladogenic radiations seems high in C1 and C6, particularly in C6 for which the within-clade diversification level was highest. Further research involving microsatellite DNA, phylogeographic evaluations, and morphological variation among clades is crucial for understanding the adaptive radiation of the P. tentorius complex and for modifying their taxonomy. K E Y W O R D SmtDNA, phylogeny, reptile, southern Africa, tent tortoise | 309 ZHAO et Al.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the diversification and systematic puzzle of the highly polymorphicPsammobates tentorius(Bell, 1828) complex (Reptilia: Testudinidae) through phylogenetic analyses and species delimitation approaches

Zhao

Heideman

Grobler

et al. 2019

J Zool Syst Evol Res

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“…Since the mass mortality, it has been formally declared critically endangered by the NSW and Australian governments. It is listed as Data Deficient (under the name Elseya georgesi ) in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (http://www.iucnredlist.org), but Critically Endangered in the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group Draft Red List (Rhodin et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On a razor's edge: Status and prospects of the critically endangered Bellinger River snapping turtle, Myuchelys georgesi

Chessman

Ruming

Jones

et al. 2020

Aquatic Conservation

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In the summer and autumn of 2015, the Bellinger River snapping turtle (Myuchelys georgesi), a narrow‐range endemic of eastern New South Wales, Australia, suffered mass mortality from epidemic disease, apparently caused by a previously unknown virus. Information on the current population size and structure of M. georgesi, and the body condition and growth of the surviving individuals, is needed to support planning of conservation actions. Population estimates are also needed for a sympatric population of the widely distributed Macquarie turtle (Emydura macquarii), which has probably been introduced to the Bellinger River and may threaten the persistence of M. georgesi through hybridization, competition, and disease transmission. Data from five turtle surveys between November 2015 and November 2018 were used to estimate populations of the two species in the Bellinger River by an analysis based on habitat extent and turtle detectability. Changes in the body condition of M. georgesi and the body growth of both species were also assessed. Current populations of ~150 M. georgesi and ~500 E. macquarii are indicated, although the uncertainty of these estimates is high. The estimate for M. georgesi represents a decline of >90% from the historical population. Moreover, about 88% of the surviving M. georgesi are immature, and only about 5% are mature females. However, the body condition of the survivors has improved recently. Growth models suggest that M. georgesi matures later than E. macquarii, which may provide the latter with a competitive advantage. Evidence presented here does not support a previous hypothesis that M. georgesi were predisposed to disease through malnutrition and consequently reduced immune competence caused by high water temperatures and low river flows. Continuing disease, hybridization, and interspecific competition are probably the greatest threats to the persistence of the species.

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“…The Pinzón giant tortoise, Chelonoidis duncanensis (previously Chelonoidis ephippium ; Turtle Taxonomy Working Group, ), is endemic to Pinzón Island (18 km 2 area) in the Galapagos (Figure ) and consists of a single population. Historically, Pinzón giant tortoises numbered in the thousands, but mass harvesting for food by humans in the early to mid‐1800s dramatically reduced the population size (Townsend, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population genomics through time provides insights into the consequences of decline and rapid demographic recovery through head‐starting in a Galapagos giant tortoise

Jensen

Edwards

Garrick

et al. 2018

Evolutionary Applications

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Population genetic theory related to the consequences of rapid population decline is well‐developed, but there are very few empirical studies where sampling was conducted before and after a known bottleneck event. Such knowledge is of particular importance for species restoration, given links between genetic diversity and the probability of long‐term persistence. To directly evaluate the relationship between current genetic diversity and past demographic events, we collected genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism data from prebottleneck historical (c.1906) and postbottleneck contemporary (c.2014) samples of Pinzón giant tortoises (Chelonoidis duncanensis; n = 25 and 149 individuals, respectively) endemic to a single island in the Galapagos. Pinzón giant tortoises had a historically large population size that was reduced to just 150–200 individuals in the mid 20th century. Since then, Pinzón's tortoise population has recovered through an ex situ head‐start programme in which eggs or pre‐emergent individuals were collected from natural nests on the island, reared ex situ in captivity until they were 4–5 years old and subsequently repatriated. We found that the extent and distribution of genetic variation in the historical and contemporary samples were very similar, with the latter group not exhibiting the characteristic genetic patterns of recent population decline. No population structure was detected either spatially or temporally. We estimated an effective population size (N e) of 58 (95% CI = 50–69) for the postbottleneck population; no prebottleneck N e point estimate was attainable (95% CI = 39–infinity) likely due to the sample size being lower than the true N e. Overall, the historical sample provided a valuable benchmark for evaluating the head‐start captive breeding programme, revealing high retention of genetic variation and no skew in representation despite the documented bottleneck event. Moreover, this work demonstrates the effectiveness of head‐starting in rescuing the Pinzón giant tortoise from almost certain extinction.

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Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (8th Ed.)

Abstract: No overall series subscription rate is available, as individual monograph issues are priced separately.

Cited by 200 publications

References 305 publications

Unraveling the diversification and systematic puzzle of the highly polymorphicPsammobates tentorius(Bell, 1828) complex (Reptilia: Testudinidae) through phylogenetic analyses and species delimitation approaches

Unraveling the diversification and systematic puzzle of the highly polymorphicPsammobates tentorius(Bell, 1828) complex (Reptilia: Testudinidae) through phylogenetic analyses and species delimitation approaches

On a razor's edge: Status and prospects of the critically endangered Bellinger River snapping turtle, Myuchelys georgesi

Population genomics through time provides insights into the consequences of decline and rapid demographic recovery through head‐starting in a Galapagos giant tortoise

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