Turtleback Surfaces of Death Valley Viewed as Phenomena of Extensional Tectonics

Wright, Lauren; Otton, James K.; Troxel, Bennie W.

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1974)2<53:tsodvv>2.0.co;2

Cited by 73 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…Aspects of the geologic and geophysical characteristics of the Great Basin that provide an important framework for tectonic models of the YMR are emphasized. Noteworthy papers that describe important properties of the Basin and Range province with emphasis on the central Basin and Range subprovince include Nolan (1943), Shawe (1965), Hamilton and Myers (1966), Atwater (1970), Anderson (1971), Scholz et al (1971), Stewart (1971), , , Noble (1972), Kistler and Peterman, (1973), Best and Brimhall (1974), Thompson (1974), Smith and Sbar (1974), Wright et al (1974), , Wright (1976), Proffett (1977), Stewart et al (1977), Best and Hamblin (1978), , , , Smith (1978), Stewart (1978), Zoback and Thompson (1978), Eaton (1979), Eaton (1980), , Stewart (1980), Guth (1981), Wernicke (1981), Zoback et al (1981), Armstrong (1982), , Hill (1982), Glazner and Supplee (1982), , Wernicke and Burchfiel(1982), Coney and Hanns (1984), , , Hudson and Geissman (1987), Hamilton (1988), Snoke and Miller (1988), , , Gans et al (1989), Oldow et al (1989), Can (1990)…”

Section: Southern Great Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of volcanism studies for the Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project

Crowe¹,

Perry²,

Murrell³

et al. 1995

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; ifs unique idenfzfier assigned to fhis appendix is LA-EES-13-LV-12-95-002. To obtain rgerences bgore fhe appendix is issued, confacf Kean Finnegan at (7021-794-7273 ABSTRACTChapter 1 introduces the volcanism issue for the Yucca Mountain site and provides the reader with an overview of the organization, content, and significant conclusions of this report. The risk of future basaltic volcanism is the primary topic of concern including both events that intersect a potential repository and events that occur near or within the waste isolation system of a repository. Future volcanic events cannot be predicted with certainty but instead are estimated using formal methods of probabilistic volcanic hazard assessment. Chapter 2 describes the volcanic history of the Yucca Mountain region (YMR) and emphasizes the Pliocene and Quaternary volcanic record, the interval of primary concern for volcanic risk assessment. The distribution, eruptive history, and geochronology of Plio-Quaternary basalt centers are described by individual center emphasizing the two cycles of the Postcaldera basalt, the Older postcaldera basalt and the Younger postcaldera basalt. The Lathrop Wells volcanic center is described in detail because it is the youngest basalt center in the YMR, it has been problematic to establish the geochronology of the center; and it probably formed during multiple, timeseparate eruptive events, an unexpected difference from typical monogenetic basaltic volcanic centers. Chapter 3 describes the tectonic setting of the YMR and presents and assesses the significance of multiple alternative tectonic models. The Crater Flat volcanic zone is defined and described as one of many alternative models of the structural controls of the distribution of Plio-Quaternary basalt centers in the YMR. Geophysical data are described for the YMR and are used as an aid to understand the distribution of basaltic volcanic centers. Chapter 4 discusses the petrologic and geochemical features of basaltic volcanism in the YMR, the southern Great Basin and the Basin and Range province. Geochemical and isotopic data are described that indicate basalt of the southern Great Basin was derived from ancient lithospheric mantle. The long time of activity and characteristic small volume of the Postcaldera basalt of the YMR result in one of the lowest eruptive rates in a volcanic field in the southwest United States. Quaternary lavas of the YMR lack plagioclase phenocrysts and fractionated at high pressure in the lower crust or upper mantle before ascent and eruption. The compositional variation of the Lathrop Wells center provides strong evidence of formation from separate and unrelated magma batches. Chapter 5 summarizes current concepts of the segregation, ascent, and eruption of basalt magma. Magma ascending as dikes probably followed northwest-trending structure at depth and diverted at shallow depths following the direction of maximum compressive stress. Chapter 6 summarizes the history of volcanism studies (1979 through early 1994), including work f...

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Section: Southern Great Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of volcanism studies for the Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project

Crowe¹,

Perry²,

Murrell³

et al. 1995

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“…To create turtleback surfaces there is no need for a strikeslip setting as previously suggested by some researchers in the Basin and Range Province (Wright et al, 1974;Norton, 2011). After reconstruction of a clockwise rotation (Holm et al, 1993) in Death Valley, it is interesting to see that the original positions of the Badwater, Copper Canyon, and Mormon Point turtlebacks are located on the possible relay ramps between the normal fault segments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Some researchers suggest that the turtleback formation is related to faults with high-angle origins requiring low to moderate amounts of extension for the Basin and Range (Wright et al, 1974;Miller, 1991). Others evaluate the turtleback surfaces as part of a regional detachment faulting, and therefore a high amount of extension is possible for the region (Steward, 1983;.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drewes (1959), on the other hand, evaluated the turtlebacks as postfolded erosional features with normal faults playing an important role in their exhumation. Strike-slip-related contraction (Hill and Troxel, 1966) and strike-slip-related normal faulting (Wright et al, 1974) are among other suggested mechanisms for turtleback surfaces. After recognition of the metamorphic core complexes and low-angle normal faults in the Basin and Range Province Rehrig and Reynolds, 1980;Wernicke, 1981), the Death Valley turtlebacks have been evaluated as part of a regional detachment surface (Stewart, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A 3D model for the formation of turtleback surfaces: the Horzum Turtleback of western Turkey as a case study

Seyítoğlu¹,

Işık²,

Esat³

2014

Turkish J Earth Sci

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Turtleback surfaces are common elements of highly extended terrains all over the world. This paper presents a 3D model explaining the formation of turtleback surfaces based on field observations made on the Horzum Turtleback of the Alaşehir graben, western Turkey. Three essential features have been determined as forming a turtleback surface. These are 1) the rolling hinge mechanism on a normal fault system, where the initial fault stays operational after forming second and third normal faults in its hanging wall; 2) relay ramps between initial fault segments; and 3) a synextensional intrusion on the shear zone of the initial normal fault at midcrustal level. The strike-slip tectonic setting is not among the essential features as suggested recently for Death Valley turtlebacks.

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“…Noteworthy papers that describe important properties of the Basin and Range province with emphasis on the central Basin and Range subprovince include Nolan (1943), S'hawe (1 965), Hamilton and Myers (1 966), Armstrong et al (1969), Atwater (I 970), Anderson (1 97 I), Scholz et al (1 97 l), Stewart (1 97 I), , Christiansen and Lipman (1 972), Noble (1972), Kistler and Peterman, (1973), Best and Brirnhall(1974), Thompson (1974), Smith and Sbar (1974), Wright et al (1974), Snyder et al (1976), Wright (1976), Proffett (1977), , Best and Hamblin (1978), Christiansen and McKee (1978), , Lachenbruch and Sass (1978), Smith (1978), Stewart (1978), Zoback and Thompson (1978), Eaton (1979), Eaton (1980), Lipman (1980), Stewart (1980), Guth (1981), Wernicke (l981), Zoback et al (1 98 I), Armstrong (1 982), Eaton (1 982), Hill (1 982), Glamer and Supplee (1 982), , Wernicke and Burchfiel(1982), Coney and Harms (1984), Farmer and DePaolo (1983;, , Hudson and Geissman (1987), Hamilton (1988), Snoke and Miller (1988), Wernicke et al (1988), Farmer et a1.,(1989), Gans et al (1989), Oldow et al (1989), , Hodges and Walker (1990), McKenna and Hodges (1990), , , Armstong and Ward (1991), Walker and Colman (1991), , …”

Section: Ill Southern Great Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systhesis of Volcanism Studies for the Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project

Perry¹,

Crowe²,

Valentine³

et al. 1997

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Turtleback Surfaces of Death Valley Viewed as Phenomena of Extensional Tectonics

Cited by 73 publications

References 0 publications

Status of volcanism studies for the Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project

Status of volcanism studies for the Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project

A 3D model for the formation of turtleback surfaces: the Horzum Turtleback of western Turkey as a case study

Systhesis of Volcanism Studies for the Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project

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