Turnover of murein in a diaminopimelic acid dependent mutant ofEscherichia coli

Chaloupka, J.; Strnadová, M.

doi:10.1007/bf02872729

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Earlier studies with E. coli from this laboratory (unpublished data) and elsewhere (4) had indicated that the loss of label from E. coli murein, if it existed, would be low and difficult to detect in the above manner. It appeared more likely that one could accurately determine the rate of murein loss in E. coli by measuring the rate of release of muropeptides from the murein into the culture medium.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In contrast, gram-negative bacteria, with the exception of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (9, 10, 23), have not yet been clearly demonstrated to release muropeptides from their cell walls. One group (4) has reported that Escherichia coli sheds muropeptides into the medium at a slow rate; however, some of the cells were undergoing lysis, making the results difficult to interpret. Thus, the action of the murein hydrolases of gram-negative bacteria has remained uncertain, and several authors (5,11,24,30,31) have proposed that some of these enzymes might not function as hydrolases in vivo but as transferases and that, as such, they may be involved in the remodelling and randomization of the murein in the sacculus.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Release of cell wall peptides into culture medium by exponentially growing Escherichia coli

Goodell¹,

Schwarz²

1985

J Bacteriol

170

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Escherichia coli W7 cells were found to release three different muropeptides into the culture medium: tetrapeptide (L-Ala-D-Glu-meso-diaminopimelic acid-D-Ala), tripeptide (L-Ala-D-Glu-meso-diaminopimelic acid), and a previously undescribed dipeptide (meso-diaminopimelic acid-D-Ala). From the rate of release of these three peptides, it was calculated that 6 to 8% of the murein in the sacculus was lost per generation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Release of cell wall peptides into culture medium by exponentially growing Escherichia coli

Goodell¹,

Schwarz²

1985

J Bacteriol

170

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“…Turnover of peptidoglycan during the growth of E. coli has been reported (6,18,19). The results presented here suggest that no measurable or significant turnover of peptidoglycan, that is, a process(es) that leads to the loss of material from the cell, occurs in S. typhimurium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Rate and topography of cell wall synthesis during the division cycle of Salmonella typhimurium

Cooper

1988

J Bacteriol

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The rates of synthesis of peptidoglycan and protein during the division cycle of Salmonella typhimurium have been measured by using the membrane elution technique and differentially labeled diaminopimelic acid and leucine. The cells were labeled during unperturbed exponential growth and then bound to a nitrocellulose membrane by filtration. Newborn cells were eluted from the membrane with fresh medium. The radioactivity in the newborn cells in successive fractions was determined. As the cells are eluted from the membrane as a function of their cell cycle age at the time of labeling, the rate of incorporation of the different radioactive compounds as a function of cell cycle age can be determined. During the first part of the division cycle, the ratio of the rates of protein and peptidoglycan synthesis was constant. During the latter part of the division cycle, there was an increase in the rate of peptidoglycan synthesis relative to the rate of protein synthesis. These results support a simple, bipartite model of cell surface increase in rod-shaped cells. Before the start of constriction, the cell surface increased only by cylindrical extension. After cell constriction started, the cell surface increased by both cylinder and pole growth. The increase in surface area was partitioned between the cylinder and the pole so that the volume of the cell increased exponentially. No variation in cell density occurred because the increase in surface allowed a continuous exponential increase in cell volume that accommodated the exponential increase in cell mass. Protein was synthesized exponentially during the division cycle. The rate of cell surface increase was described by a complex equation which is neither linear nor exponential.There have been many measurements of the rate of cell wall synthesis during the division cycle (25,38,54,60,64,69), and although they differ in detail, they have generally arrived at similar results. There is a continuous increase in the rate of surface synthesis during the division cycle, with some reports of peaking in the rate of synthesis near the end of the division cycle. Much of the theoretical analysis of these results has been directed toward distinguishing among simple mathematical descriptions of synthesis such as exponential or linear growth patterns or combinations of these (3,

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“…In marked contrast, turnover of E. coli murein ranged from 0% (77) to perhaps 5% per generation (18). When Goodell and Schwarz reinvestigated this phenomenon (40), they observed a 6 to 8% loss of Dap from the sacculus per generation.…”

Section: Turnover Of Pg and Discovery Of The Recycling Of Murein Tripmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Bacteria Consume Their Own Exoskeletons (Turnover and Recycling of Cell Wall Peptidoglycan)

Park

Uehara

2008

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

381

498

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SUMMARY The phenomenon of peptidoglycan recycling is reviewed. Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli break down and reuse over 60% of the peptidoglycan of their side wall each generation. Recycling of newly made peptidoglycan during septum synthesis occurs at an even faster rate. Nine enzymes, one permease, and one periplasmic binding protein in E. coli that appear to have as their sole function the recovery of degradation products from peptidoglycan, thereby making them available for the cell to resynthesize more peptidoglycan or to use as an energy source, have been identified. It is shown that all of the amino acids and amino sugars of peptidoglycan are recycled. The discovery and properties of the individual proteins and the pathways involved are presented. In addition, the possible role of various peptidoglycan degradation products in the induction of β-lactamase is discussed.

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Turnover of murein in a diaminopimelic acid dependent mutant ofEscherichia coli

Cited by 25 publications

References 20 publications

Release of cell wall peptides into culture medium by exponentially growing Escherichia coli

Release of cell wall peptides into culture medium by exponentially growing Escherichia coli

Rate and topography of cell wall synthesis during the division cycle of Salmonella typhimurium

How Bacteria Consume Their Own Exoskeletons (Turnover and Recycling of Cell Wall Peptidoglycan)

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