Turnover is replaced by nestedness with increasing geographical distance in bacterial communities of coastal shallow lakes

Abstract

In this study we measured the relative contribution of two components of β-diversity, turnover and nestedness, of bacterioplankton among 25 shallow lakes in southern Brazil and tested their relationship with local (environment, chlorophyll-a and biomass of phytoplanktonic classes) and landscape variables, as well as geographical distance. We predicted that turnover would be the largest share of total β-diversity due to the variation of local characteristics among lakes. Further, we expected nestedness to increase at the expense of turnover with increasing geographical distance among lakes due to dispersal limitation. The results indicated a higher contribution of turnover than nestedness to total β-diversity, which was driven by local factors. When the relationship between β-diversity components and the spatial extent between each lake and all other lakes was considered, turnover was replaced by nestedness with increasing geographical distance for 8 (the furthermost lakes) of the 25 lakes likely because of a combination of decreasing dispersal due to distance and richness differences due to wind-driven mass effects. The results of this study suggest a role for nestedness as an indicator of dispersal limitation owing to geographical distance and wind dispersal, and for turnover as an indicator of species sorting because of environmental filters for these freshwater bacterial communities.

Taxonomic dependency of beta diversity for bacteria, archaea, and fungi in a semi-arid lake

“…Frontiers in Microbiology 09 frontiersin.org microbial communities (Lima et al, 2020). Accordingly, for the total beta diversity and turnover component, such parallel pattern between bacteria and archaea may be governed by similar ecological progress (Shade et al, 2018;Rapacciuolo et al, 2019) like environmental selection.…”

“…Moreover, such predominance is also observed in species of other lake environments. For instance, for bacterioplankton, turnover shows a higher contribution to total beta diversity than nestedness in the 25 shallow lakes of southern Brazil ( Lima et al, 2020 ). It should be noted that when considering some specific spatial factors such as geographical distance between lakes, the predominance of bacterioplankton turnover may be replaced by nestedness ( Lima et al, 2020 ).…”

“…For instance, for bacterioplankton, turnover shows a higher contribution to total beta diversity than nestedness in the 25 shallow lakes of southern Brazil ( Lima et al, 2020 ). It should be noted that when considering some specific spatial factors such as geographical distance between lakes, the predominance of bacterioplankton turnover may be replaced by nestedness ( Lima et al, 2020 ). In the Grand Galibier Massif of the French South-Western Alps, however, high turnover is exhibited in Crenarcheal, bacterial and fungal community distribution, which is greatly associated with plant species composition but not geographical distance ( Zinger et al, 2011 ).…”

“…This may be because fungi have large difference with bacteria and archaea regarding biological characteristics, such as resilience and trophic position. Most importantly, nestedness is well applied to indicate dispersal limitation, while turnover can be as an indicator of species sorting based on environmental filters of microbial communities ( Lima et al, 2020 ). Accordingly, for the total beta diversity and turnover component, such parallel pattern between bacteria and archaea may be governed by similar ecological progress ( Shade et al, 2018 ; Rapacciuolo et al, 2019 ) like environmental selection.…”

“…Although numerous nutrients and organic matters are stored in sediments of lakes and wetlands ( Tranvik et al, 2009 ), much less is known about the effect of nutrients on the total beta diversity and its components across microbial taxa. In the shallow lakes of the southern Brazil, high species turnover is observed in bacterioplankton, strongly conditioned by environmental factors such as TN and total dissolved nitrogen ( Lima et al, 2020 ). Additionally, nutrients, including water NH 4 + -N, NO 3 − -N and NO 2 − -N, show great direct effects on bacterial species turnover in aquatic microcosms, and such turnover rates do not decrease with lower temperatures ( Wang et al, 2016 ).…”