Turnip yellow mosaic virus isolates with experimentally produced recombinant virion proteins.

Hayden, Catherine M.; Mackenzie, A. M.; Skotnicki, M. L.; Gibbs, Adrian

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-79-2-395

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This result suggests that the mutations influenced another process besides encapsidation. Indeed, if only encapsidation initiation was affected, then a delay in the development or a complete absence of systemic symptoms would be expected, while the development of local symptoms would be expected to be similar to that seen with the wild type (3,12). The different stabilities of the various HP1 mutants might explain this result, since the delay in symptom development was apparently linearly related to the calculated stability (Fig.…”

Section: Construction Of Mutantsmentioning

confidence: 89%

The 5′-Proximal Hairpin of Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus RNA: Its Role in Translation and Encapsidation

Bink

Schirawski

Haenni

et al. 2003

J Virol

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The RNA genome of turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) consists of more than 6,000 nucleotides. During a study of the roles of the two hairpins located in its 90-nucleotide 5 untranslated region, it was observed that stabilization of the 5-proximal hairpin leads to a delay in the development of symptoms on plants. This delay in symptom development for both locally and systemically infected leaves was found to be dependent on a change in the free energy of the hairpin caused by introduced mutations. A protoplast transfection assay revealed that the accumulation of plus-strand full-length RNA and subgenomic RNA, as well as protein expression levels, was affected by hairpin stability. Stabilization of this hairpin inhibited translation. A model is proposed in which a destabilized 5-proximal hairpin allows maximal translation of the viral proteins. It is suggested that this hairpin may exist in close proximity to the 5 cap as long as its stability is low enough to enable translation. However, at an acidic pH, the hairpin structure becomes more stable and is functionally transformed into the initiation signal for viral packaging. Slightly acidic conditions can be found in chloroplasts, where TYMV assembly is driven by a low pH generated by active photosynthesis.The 5Ј untranslated region (5Ј UTR) of single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus genomes often contains cis-acting elements involved in translation, replication, and/or encapsidation. Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) RNA has a 5Ј leader of 90 nucleotides which may regulate all three processes by means of signals embedded within this short stretch of RNA.Translation of TYMV RNA has been assumed to take place according to general principles for eukaryotic mRNAs, since the genomic RNA and the subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) for the coat protein (CP) are capped at the 5Ј end (10, 15). The cap would enable the binding of translation initiation factors, which subsequently would allow the docking of the 40S ribosomal subunit on the viral mRNA. By scanning the RNA, the ribosome reaches the start codons of the movement protein (MP) and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The AUG start codon of the latter open reading frame (ORF) overlaps that of the MP ORF and is situated only 4 nucleotides downstream of the first AUG (Fig. 1A). Translation of the RdRp gene was proposed to occur through leaky scanning (18, 34), although Weiland and Dreher reported that mutation of the first AUG did not affect translation starting at the downstream AUG (34), a finding which is at variance with leaky scanning. A number of exceptions to the eukaryotic scanning model of Kozak (18) exist, most of which come from the field of virology. Cap-independent initiation of translation was shown to occur through a strategy involving the use of an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES). The IRES-mediated translation initiation mechanism involves the binding of translation initiation factors and the ribosome to a complex RNA secondary structure, thereby placing the translation machinery in the start codon conte...

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Section: Construction Of Mutantsmentioning

confidence: 89%

The 5′-Proximal Hairpin of Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus RNA: Its Role in Translation and Encapsidation

Bink

Schirawski

Haenni

et al. 2003

J Virol

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“…13.6) is an RNA plant virus within the family of tymoviridae, which contains at least 20 different known species, among which three have been determined at near-atomic resolution. Selective replacements on TYMV with the homologous regions of another tymovirus, belladonna mottle virus (BeMV), had not affected the infectivity in Chinese cabbages [108]. Six of 10 such recombinants were fully viable and gave symptoms in the plants.…”

Section: Heterologous Peptide Insertionsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…According to this study, the amino-terminus region was particularly amendable to short peptide substitutions. The first 9 amino acids were successfully replaced with 9 amino acids from E-71 major merozoite surface antigen of Plasmodium falciparum to generate chimeric TYMV particles [108]. However, the study indicated that these residues reacted poorly to the antibodies raised against the E-71 epitope and the antigenic inserts were weakly immunogenic [108], suggesting that these inserts were less accessible to the surface.…”

Section: Heterologous Peptide Insertionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bionanoparticles and their Biomedical Applications

Lee

Barnhill

Wang

2003

Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences

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The sections in this article are Introduction BNPs Genetic and Chemical Alterations of BNPs Chemical Modifications Conventional Bioconjugation Methods for Selective Modifications “Click Chemistry” for Bioconjugation of BNPs New Developments in Tyrosine Modification Genetic Alterations Heterologous Peptide Insertions NAA Substitutions Protein Expression Systems BNPs in Therapeutics Cell Targeting Gene Delivery Bioimaging Drug Encapsulation and Release Immune Response Vaccine Development Immune Modulation Future Directions Acknowledgments

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“…Hayden et al . (18) replaced 10 selected parts of TYMV CP with those of Belladonna mottle tymovirus (BeMV). When inoculated, 6 of the 10 recombinants were viable, and gave rise to symptoms in Chinese cabbage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As far as C-terminal modifications are concerned, Hayden et al . (18) reported that the mutant where C-terminal 9 amino acid residues were replaced with BeMV did not produce systemic symptoms or local lesions. In contrast, Bransom et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Turnip yellow mosaic virus coat protein and its effect on virion assembly

Shin¹,

Chae²,

Cho³

2013

BMB Reports

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Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) is a positive strand RNA virus. We have modified TYMV coat protein (CP) by inserting a c-Myc epitope peptide at the N- or C-terminus of the CP, and have examined its effect on assembly. We introduced the recombinant CP constructs into Nicotiana benthamiana leaves by agroinfiltration. Examination of the leaf extracts by agarose gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis showed that the CP modified at the N-terminus produced a band co-migrating with wild-type virions. With C-terminal modification, however, the detected bands moved faster than the wild-type virions. To further examine the effect, TYMV constructs producing the modified CPs were prepared. With N-terminal modification, viral RNAs were protected from RNase A. In contrast, the viral RNAs were not protected with C-terminal modification. Overall, the results suggest that virion assembly and RNA packaging occur properly when the N-terminus of CP is modified, but not when the C-terminus is modified. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(10): 495-500]

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Turnip yellow mosaic virus isolates with experimentally produced recombinant virion proteins.

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

The 5′-Proximal Hairpin of Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus RNA: Its Role in Translation and Encapsidation

The 5′-Proximal Hairpin of Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus RNA: Its Role in Translation and Encapsidation

Bionanoparticles and their Biomedical Applications

Modification of Turnip yellow mosaic virus coat protein and its effect on virion assembly

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