Turning date palm waste into carbon nanodots and nano zerovalent iron composites for excellent removal of methylthioninium chloride from water

Abstract

Novel carbon nanodots (nCD-DBC) and nano zero-valent iron composites (nZVI-DBC) were synthesized using date palm waste-derived biochar (DBC). The synthesized materials were analyzed for chemical and structural composition by using FTIR, SEM, XRD, and TGA, and evaluated for their methylthioninium chloride dye (MB) removal efficiency from contaminated aqueous solutions. pH 7.0 was found optimum for the highest MB removal in sorption batch studies. Kinetics sorption of MB onto the sorbents was best described by pseudo-second-order (R2 = 0.93–0.99) and Elovich models (R2 = 0.86–0.97) implying that sorption was being controlled by chemisorption. Langmuir model predicted maximum sorption capacities for nCD-DBC, nZVI-DBC, and DBC were 1558.66, 1182.90, and 851.67 mg g−1, respectively, which correlated with the results of kinetics sorption. Likewise, nCD-DBC yielded the highest partition coefficient (7067 mL g−1), followed by nZVI-DBC (1460 mL g−1), and DBC (930 mL g−1). Post-sorption XRD, FTIR, and SEM analyses depicted the binding of MB onto the sorbents. It was suggested that electrostatic interactions, π–π electron donor-accepter interactions, degradation, and diffusion were responsible for MB removal by the synthesized materials. Therefore, the nCD-DBC, nZVI-DBC, and DBC can potentially be used for scavenging MB dye from contaminated aqueous solutions.

Sanky (Corryocactus brevistylus) Peel as Low-Cost Adsorbent for Removal of Phosphate from Aqueous Solutions

“…The speed constants predicted by the Elovich model were the highest (0.352 and 0.351 mg g −1 min −1 at pH = 6 and 9, respectively). This parameter defines the time the chemical process requires to complete [69]. The q e values estimated with the pseudosecond-order model were similar to the results from the experimental q e .…”

Designing chitosan based magnetic beads with conocarpus waste-derived biochar for efficient sulfathiazole removal from contaminated water

“…It was observed that mellite disappeared in the CBC and CBC-Fe due to composite formation ( Ahmad et al, 2019b ). The peaks regarding SiO 2 , turbostratic carbon, and graphite carbon were seen in the XRD pattern of CW, BC, and CBC, while these were absent in the CBC-Fe beads ( Ahmad et al, 2020 ). The FTIR spectra of the produced adsorptive materials before and after STZ removal were generated for this study.…”

Emerging bioremediation technologies for the treatment of textile wastewater containing synthetic dyes: a comprehensive review

“…49 Various microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, algae, and yeasts, have been employed to decolorize and degrade synthetic dyes. 39 Factors affecting the bioremediation and its mechanism Bioremediation methods for the removal of dyes can be carried out by the use of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, algae, etc.) for the degradation of pollutants.…”

“…At an optimal pH of 7.0, the results showed that nCD-DBC achieved 83% of decolorization of MB dye and nZVI-DBC showed a 38% removal. 39 Genetic engineering for the degradation of dyes Several microbiologists and molecular biologists have realized the scope of genetic engineering for biodegradation treatment. 117 Genetically engineered microorganisms (GEM), or genetically modified microorganisms (GMM), are modified by genetic modification techniques inspired by the natural genetic exchange between microorganisms and have served as an effective tool for biodegradation.…”