Turning behaviour in animals

Pycock, Christopher J.

doi:10.1016/0306-4522(80)90048-2

Cited by 610 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 341 publications

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“…Furthermore, reduction in drug-induced circling (Crossman et al, 1977). It is as saline scores were not significantly different from the noimportant to note that the circling observed in the present study injection scores, it is clear that saline did not induce a directional was not a tight nose-to-tail posture (see Pycock, 1980) but a bias. The possibility that apparent drug effects resulted from directional bias.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 40%

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Circling behavior following unilateral microinjections of cocaine into the medial prefrontal cortex: dopaminergic or local anesthetic effect?

Morency¹,

Stewart²,

Beninger³

1987

J. Neurosci.

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Dopaminergic projections to the medial prefrontal cortex have been implicated in cocaine reinforcement; therefore, it was of interest to examine the locomotor effects of acute administration of cocaine to this area. Circling behavior was assessed following injections of 1.0 microliter of cocaine in doses of 0 (0.9% saline), 25, 50, and 100 micrograms/microliters into the medial prefrontal cortex of rats prepared with chronic unilateral guide cannulae. Animals were scored during four 5 min intervals of a 60 min test session that began with the central injection and placement in a flat circular arena. Cocaine was found to produce dose-dependent contraversive circling, an effect previously seen with the dopamine (DA) agonists LY 14 1865 and (+)- amphetamine, suggesting a unilateral stimulant effect. However, since cocaine has potent local anesthetic properties that have been reported to produce behavioral effects and also to inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine and 5-HT, it was important to demonstrate that the directional bias was a dopaminergic effect. Intra-frontocortical microinjections of the local anesthetic procaine (10, 100, and 1000 micrograms in 0.5 microliter) did not induce circling. Sulpiride (0.001–10.0 micrograms in 0.5 microliter), a DA antagonist specific for the D- 2 receptors, produced ipsiversive circling in a dose-dependent manner in rats treated with (+)-amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg, i.p.). In addition, sulpiride (1.0 micrograms in 0.5 microliter) blocked the circling behavior induced by cocaine (50 micrograms in 0.5 microliter) when administered into the medial prefrontal cortex 15 min prior to the cocaine injection. These results provide further evidence for an excitatory influence of mesocortical DA on motor control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 40%

“…Although this approach has provided extensive evidence for the contribution of nigrostriatal and mesolimbic DA systems to motor activity (Pycock, 1980), the involvement of the mesocortical DA system is poorly understood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Circling behavior following unilateral microinjections of cocaine into the medial prefrontal cortex: dopaminergic or local anesthetic effect?

Morency¹,

Stewart²,

Beninger³

1987

J. Neurosci.

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“…Function also was preserved as demonstrated by the reduction of apomorphine-induced rotations after 6OHDA. Apomorphine-induced rotations in the 6OHDA model are attributed to the development of postsynaptic DA receptor supersensitivity after disruption of the nigro-striatal projection (29). Therefore, reduction of rotational behavior suggests that supersensitivity has been diminished by partial restoration of striatal DA release in the AAV Myr-Akt-treated animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(D) To assess functionality of the nigrostriatal projection we examined apomorphine-induced rotations. After partial destruction of the dopaminergic projection, postsynaptic supersensitivity to direct-acting DA agonists, such as apomorphine, results in contraversive rotations (29). Strong contraversive rotational behavior was observed in AAV GFP-treated mice after apomorphine injection (0.5 mg/kg) at 4 weeks after 6OHDA lesion.…”

Section: Expression Of Endogenous Akt Isoforms In Snmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oncoprotein Akt/PKB induces trophic effects in murine models of Parkinson's disease

Ries

Henchcliffe²,

Kareva³

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

154

160

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Despite promising preclinical studies, neurotrophic factors have not yet achieved an established role in the treatment of human neurodegenerative diseases. One impediment has been the difficulty in providing these macromolecules in sufficient quantity and duration at affected sites. An alternative approach is to directly activate, by viral vector transduction, intracellular signaling pathways that mediate neurotrophic effects. We have evaluated this approach in dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra, neurons affected in Parkinson's disease, by adeno-associated virus 1 transduction with a gene encoding a myristoylated, constitutively active form of the oncoprotein Akt/PKB. Adeno-associated virus Myr-Akt has pronounced trophic effects on dopamine neurons of adult and aged mice, including increases in neuron size, phenotypic markers, and sprouting. Transduction confers almost complete protection against apoptotic cell death in a highly destructive neurotoxin model. Activation of intracellular neurotrophic signaling pathways by vector transfer is a feasible approach to neuroprotection and restorative treatment of neurodegenerative disease.apoptosis ͉ dopamine ͉ neurotrophic ͉ programmed cell death ͉ substantia nigra

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“…The present study clearly shows that the chosen treat ments, which directly alter neurotransmission in the nu cleus accumbens, a structure known to be involved in the process of locomotion , also caused clearcut changes in the striatum, a structure known to be involved in postural asymmetry (Kelly and Moore, 1976;Moore and Kelly, 1977;Pycock and Marsden, 1978;Pycock, 1980). The finding that both the cholinergic and the dopaminergic treatment of the nucleus accumbens produced the greatest increase in dopamine release in the striatum ipsilateral to the drug injection site in the nucleus accumbens provides an unequivocal expla nation for the observation that both treatments resulted in contralateral turning, since rats with a functional imbalance between the left and right striatum are known to turn away from the side with the higher dopamine activity (Ungerstedt, 1971).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Stimulation of acetylcholine or dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens differentially alters dopamine release in the striatum of freely moving rats

Koshikawa

Yoshida

Kitamura

et al. 1996

European Journal of Pharmacology

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The present study examined whether unilateral stimulation of acetylcholine or dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens induces an asymmetry in dopamine transmission in the ventrolateral striatum. For this purpose, a microdialysis technique was used to measure dopamine release in both sides of the ventrolateral striatum following unilateral injections of carbachol (5 ¿¿g/0.5 j j l \ ) or a mixture of dopamine Dj and dopamine D 2 receptor agonists (l-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-ltf-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol 5 fig + quinpirole 10 ¿¿g/0.5 /xl) into the nucleus accumbens. The results show that carbachol injection increased dopamine release in the ipsilateral striatum without changing dopamine release in the contralateral striatum, whereas the dopamine D , / D 2 receptor agonist mixture injected unilaterally into the nucleus accumbens produced an increase followed by a decrease in dopamine release in the ipsilateral striatum, but only a decrease in dopamine release in the contralateral striatum. The biochemical effects of the cholinergic treatment greatly outlasted the drug-induced contralateral turning, whereas the biochemical effects of the dopaminergic treatment showed a good correlation with the drug-induced contralateral turning. The present study provides biochemical evidence that unilateral stimulation of acetylcholine or dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens elicits an asymmetry in dopaminergic activity in the ventrolateral striatum. The present study also provides biochemical evidence that two distinct neural substrates are involved in the effects of cholinergic and dopaminergic manipulation of the nucleus accumbens.

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Turning behaviour in animals

Cited by 610 publications

References 341 publications

Circling behavior following unilateral microinjections of cocaine into the medial prefrontal cortex: dopaminergic or local anesthetic effect?

Circling behavior following unilateral microinjections of cocaine into the medial prefrontal cortex: dopaminergic or local anesthetic effect?

Oncoprotein Akt/PKB induces trophic effects in murine models of Parkinson's disease

Stimulation of acetylcholine or dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens differentially alters dopamine release in the striatum of freely moving rats

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