Turning behavior in healthy older adults: Is there a preference for step versus spin turns?

Akram, Sakineh B.; Frank, James S.; Chenouri, Shojaeddin

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.08.238

Cited by 82 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Consistent with our findings, spin-turns were more frequent among older persons compared to step turns [33]. Besides that, a decrease in step frequency during ST compared to the step frequency in CT was also reported in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Sharp Turning and Corner Turning: Comparison of Energy Expenditure, Gait Parameters, and Level of Fatigue among Community-Dwelling Elderly

Justine

Manaf

Sulaiman

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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This study compares energy expenditure (EE), gait parameters (GP), and level of fatigue (LOF) between 5-minute walking with sharp turning (ST) and corner turning (CT). Data were obtained from 29 community-dwelling elderly (mean age, 62.7 ± 3.54 years). For 5 minutes, in ST task, participants walked on a 3-meter pathway with 2 cones placed at each end (180° turning), while in CT task, participants walked on a 6-meter pathway with 4 cones placed at 4 corners (90° turning). The physiological cost index, pedometer, and 10-point Modified Borg Dyspnoea Scale were used to measure EE (beats/min), GP (no of steps), and LOF, respectively. Data were analyzed by using independent t-tests. EE during ST (0.62 ± 0.21 beats/min) was significantly higher than CT (0.48 ± 0.17 beats/min) (P < 0.05). GP (434 ± 92.93 steps) and LOF (1.40 ± 1.11) in ST were found to be lower compared to GP (463 ± 92.18 steps) and LOF (1.54 ± 1.34) in CT (All, P > 0.05). Higher EE in ST could be due to the difficulty in changing to a 180° direction, which may involve agility and different turning strategies (step-turn or pivot-turn) to adjust the posture carefully. In CT, participants could choose a step-turn strategy to change to a 90° direction, which was less challenging to postural control.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Sharp Turning and Corner Turning: Comparison of Energy Expenditure, Gait Parameters, and Level of Fatigue among Community-Dwelling Elderly

Justine

Manaf

Sulaiman

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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“…This suggests simplifying the task may be a strategy to cope with the loss of intersegmental co-ordination in people with PD. The tighter control of the ''enbloc'' pattern of turning has also been replicated in healthy elderly when turning with their eyes closed [46] and whilst challenging the vestibular, visual and proprioceptive systems by eyes closed and on a moving platform [29], all of which suggests a purposeful adaptation to simplify the control of movement, by reducing the degrees of freedom in the axial segments when turning under more challenging conditions. However, recent studies have also found an ''enbloc'' turning strategy in healthy older adults when the turn is simple, such as to a predictable direction, selfpaced and on-the-spot [8,32], suggesting an ability to also reduce the degrees of freedom in turning movement when the task is simple; a flexible adaption that may not be possible for people with PD; therefore, making all turning environments challenging.…”

Section: Turning In Pd 1385mentioning

confidence: 86%

A narrative review of turning deficits in people with Parkinson’s disease

Hulbert

Ashburn

Robert

et al. 2014

Disability and Rehabilitation

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Specific movement deficits in turning in people with PD can be categorised into axial and perpendicular deficits. Synthesis of the literature suggests the possibility of axial deficits driving secondary responses in the perpendicular segments. This should be explored when designing rehabilitation aimed at improving turning performance, as current therapy guidelines focus on exercises emphasising perpendicular aspects. Implications for Rehabilitation Turning performance is compromised in people with PD, which can lead to significant disability, falls and loss of function. Specific movement deficits can be categorised into perpendicular deficits (taking more steps and shorter steps and an altered turn strategy) and axial deficits (segment rigidity, altered segment co-ordination and timing, reduced segment rotation and the effects of altered posture). Axial deficits may drive secondary responses in the perpendicular segments during turning in people with PD. Therefore, specific focus should be made to the rehabilitation of the axial deficits alongside those of the perpendicular body segments in the design of multi-modal treatment strategies to improve turning performance.

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“…Numerous studies have highlighted the importance of accounting for turning, as well as the physiological and the biomechanical effects of turning when compared to straight-line locomotion in adults (Akram et al 2010; Buchheit et al 2012; Dellal et al 2010; Hatamoto et al 2013, 2014; Huxham et al 2006; Justine et al 2014; Orendurff et al 2006; Patla et al 1999; Wilson et al 2013). A recent study found that when shuttle run distance was reduced from 7.0 to 3.5 m and completed at the same average running speed, the 3.5 m shuttles induced a greater physiological response (Bekraoui et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although findings from Dixon et al (2013) is limited to laboratory settings, evidence suggests that children tend to adopt spin turns, with this adoption likely to be dependent on increasing gait velocity. Research suggests that spin turns limit the size of the moving base of support (Akram et al 2010), which consequently leads to reduced stability, increasing the physiological strain on both lower limb (Hader et al 2016) and upper body muscles (Buchheit et al 2010). Therefore, it could be postulated that the increasing demands of a turn, such as a 180° at a speed of 5.5 km h −1 , may expose children’s gait immaturity and concurrently lead to the adoption of the more complex turning sub-strategies identified within adult populations (Dixon et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy expenditure associated with walking speed and angle of turn in children

et al. 2018

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PurposeRecent studies have suggested that turning is power intensive. Given the sporadic and irregular movement patterns of children, such findings have important implications for the assessment of true energy expenditure associated with habitual physical activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of walking speed and angle, and their interaction, on the energy expenditure of healthy children.Methods20 children (10.1 ± 0.5 years; 10 boys) participated in the study. On two separate days, participants completed a turning protocol involving 3-min bouts of walking at one of the 16 speed (2.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 km h− 1) and angle (0°, 45°, 90°, and 180°) combinations, interspersed by 3 min seated rest. The movement involved 5 m straight walking interspaced with prescribed turns with speed dictated by a digital, auditory metronome. Breath-by-breath gas exchange was measured, in addition to tri-axial acceleration and magnetic field intensity recorded at 100 Hz.ResultsMixed models revealed a significant main effect for speed (p < 0.006) and angle (p < 0.006), with no significant interaction between speed and angle (p > 0.006). Significant differences to straight-line walking energy expenditure within speed were established for 3.5 and 5.5 km h− 1 for 180° turns (~ 13% and ~ 30% increase, respectively).ConclusionThese findings highlight the importance of accounting for the magnitude and frequency of turns completed when estimating children’s habitual physical activity and have significant implications for the assessment of daily energy expenditure.

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Turning behavior in healthy older adults: Is there a preference for step versus spin turns?

Cited by 82 publications

References 15 publications

Sharp Turning and Corner Turning: Comparison of Energy Expenditure, Gait Parameters, and Level of Fatigue among Community-Dwelling Elderly

Sharp Turning and Corner Turning: Comparison of Energy Expenditure, Gait Parameters, and Level of Fatigue among Community-Dwelling Elderly

A narrative review of turning deficits in people with Parkinson’s disease

Energy expenditure associated with walking speed and angle of turn in children

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