Turning back the clock: Beliefs about gender roles during lockdown

Boring, Anne; Moroni, Gloria

doi:10.1016/j.labeco.2023.102363

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…They find that fathers' support for maternal employment dropped substantially in 2021 after a series of daycare and school closures. Women's attitudes, however, were not affected Boring and Moroni (2021). document similar findings for the lockdown measures in France.…”

supporting

confidence: 65%

The economics of fertility: a new era

Doepke,

Hannusch,

Kindermann

et al. 2023

Handbook of the Economics of the Family

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supporting

confidence: 65%

The economics of fertility: a new era

Doepke,

Hannusch,

Kindermann

et al. 2023

Handbook of the Economics of the Family

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“…First, prepandemic research shows the relationship benefits of having financial resources to outsource or purchase expedient solutions to household tasks (Heisig, 2011), and, on the flip side, the relationship toll of having more domestic responsibilities and less time to dedicate to them (i.e., time poverty; Warren, 2003). Second, recent research shows financial strain during the pandemic is associated with beliefs in unequal and traditional gender roles (Boring & Moroni, 2022), suggesting a possible confounding variable in links between fairness and relationship outcomes. Results here suggest the role of financial stress is relevant to relationship functioning in general and particularly under pandemic conditions with the sudden loss of one or two incomes for some families, fluctuations in income for others, and lower wage earners typically bearing the brunt of working under stressful or dangerous conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Couples’ division of household responsibilities during COVID-19, perceptions of fairness, and relationship functioning.

Ryjova¹,

Gold²,

Zaidi³

et al. 2022

Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice

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As couples adapted to the stressful, pandemic-induced disruptions to daily life (e.g., closures of schools, working from home), many couples experienced changes to established divisions of paid and household labor. The present study investigates whether contributions to household responsibilities and perceptions of fairness in divisions of labor are associated with couple relationship satisfaction and disagreements. Gender, number of children in a family, and financial stress during the pandemic are included as moderators. Four hundred seventy-nine participants (52.8% women; ages 19-72, M age = 34.54) in the United States completed an online survey as part of a larger study on couples coping with COVID-19. Linear mixed models showed that women, compared to men, reported doing more household responsibilities, with a widening gender gap based on the presence and number of children, and reported lower fairness. For women, the association between responsibilities and relationship disagreements increased with greater financial stress. Fairness was related to positive relationship outcomes; however, number of children moderated the strength of this association in different directions for women and men. Financial stress also increased the association between fairness and relationship functioning. Results underscore the importance of how couples manage their everyday household responsibilities and, especially, how their perceptions of fairness affect relationship outcomes. The extent to which these findings generalize beyond the pandemic to family life more generally remains to be determined, but the results suggest that the division of responsibilities and fairness, particularly during times of stress and upheaval, are putatively important and protective relationship elements. Public Significance StatementApproximately 1 year into the COVID-19 pandemic, perceived fairness in the division of household responsibilities had a protective role for couple relationship functioning, particularly for women, couples with children, and couples experiencing financial stress. Although it is yet unknown whether these results extend to other time periods, working toward a division of responsibilities perceived as fair can be a meaningful goal for couple and family therapists, and for couples themselves.

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“…Moreover, the absence of paternity leave reinforces the traditional gender roles where women are expected to be the primary caregiver, while men are expected to be the breadwinner (Boring & Moroni, 2023). Therefore, it's a known fact that the lack of adequate maternity leave, coupled with the absence of paternity leave, puts women at a disadvantage in their careers and jeopardises the well-being of their families (Duffy et al, 2020).…”

Section: Maternity and Paternity Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Objections to the Policies of the Government of India in Supporting Cultural Motherhood

Anu Singh

2023

Hum. Rights Glob. South.

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Women being equally valuable resources as labor, human capital, and entrepreneur, should be treated and given enough opportunities and free choices to improve the allocative efficiency of the economy. In these changing times, it is not enough to say no to choice—we must actively work toward defeating motherhood as an idea and practice. Per the data provided by the International Labour Organisation, female labor-force participation has gradually declined from 28.8% to 24% for females aged 15 and more. This paper highlights the economic consequences of gender-equality policies in India and the incapacity of the policymakers to analyze the consequences of such gender-insensitive policies. The author explains and discusses how society, especially the patriarchal family in India, is overutilizing a woman's motherhood, making women invest more than the optimal level of mothering on the one hand and making men perform less motherhood/parenthood than the socially efficient level. The researcher has collected primary and secondary data to analyze the government's leave policy. Upon interviewing more than 100 women and men directly or indirectly involved in childcare through WhatsApp and other calling mediums, author has analyzed that motherhood or mothering is heavily understood as the women's primary job rather than the equally shared and rarely efficiently distributed between the birth givers.

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Turning back the clock: Beliefs about gender roles during lockdown

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

The economics of fertility: a new era

The economics of fertility: a new era

Couples’ division of household responsibilities during COVID-19, perceptions of fairness, and relationship functioning.

Economic Objections to the Policies of the Government of India in Supporting Cultural Motherhood

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