Turning and righting inGeotrupes (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)

Frantsevich, Leonid; Mokrushov, P. A.

doi:10.1007/bf00657348

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Therefore, in this set-up, ants may have used more tactile cues and pheromones (with the left-turning preference quickly established) and thus relied less on visual cues. Similar optomotor responses towards black stripes have also been found in many other walking insects, including beetles (Frantsevich and Mokrushov, 1980), stick insects (Gruhn et al, 2006) and ants (Ronacher and Wehner, 1995;Lent et al, 2013), and thus they seem to be a widely used attribute in orientation behaviour. A single vertical black strip against a white/bright background might resemble a tree or some larger object against the bright sky.…”

Section: Turning Preference After Traversing a Coiled Tubesupporting

confidence: 63%

Innate turning preference of leaf-cutting ants in the absence of external orientation cues

Endlein

Sitti

2018

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Most ants use a combination of cues for orientation but how do ants ﬁnd their way when all external cues are suppressed? Do they walk in a random way or are their movements spatially oriented? Here, we show for the ﬁrst time that leaf-cutting ants () have an innate preference for turning counter-clockwise (left) when external cues are precluded. We demonstrated this by allowing individual ants to run freely on the water surface of a newly developed treadmill. The surface tension supported medium-sized workers but effectively prevented ants from reaching the wall of the vessel, which was important to avoid wall-following behaviour (thigmotaxis). Most ants ran for minutes on the spot but also slowly turned counter-clockwise in the absence of visual cues. Reconstructing the effective path walked revealed a looping pattern which could be interpreted as a search strategy. A similar turning bias was shown for groups of ants in a symmetrical Y-maze where twice as many ants chose the left branch in the absence of optical cues. Wall-following behaviour was tested by inserting a coiled tube before the Y-fork. When ants traversed a left-coiled tube, more ants chose the left box and vice versa. Adding visual cues in the form of vertical black strips either outside the treadmill or on one branch of the Y-maze led to oriented walks towards the strips. It is suggested that both turning bias and wall following are employed as search strategies for an unknown environment which can be overridden by visual cues.

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Section: Turning Preference After Traversing a Coiled Tubesupporting

confidence: 63%

Innate turning preference of leaf-cutting ants in the absence of external orientation cues

Endlein

Sitti

2018

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Such asymmetry is required to change heading. In hexapods, measurements of limb kinematics (Cruse et al, 2009; Domenici et al, 1998; Dürr and Ebeling, 2005; Franklin et al, 1981; Frantsevich and Mokrushov, 1980; Graham, 1972; Gruhn et al, 2009; Mu and Ritzmann, 2005; Strauß and Heisenberg, 1990; Zollikofer, 1994; Zolotov et al, 1975) and dynamics (Jindrich and Full, 1999) have described small, limb-specific modulations of movement associated with turning. As in the study of symmetric variability, these studies focused primarily on individual bouts of locomotion, and most employed tethered preparations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The manifold structure of limb coordination in walking Drosophila

DeAngelis

Zavatone-Veth

Clark

2019

eLife

156

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Terrestrial locomotion requires animals to coordinate their limb movements to efficiently traverse their environment. While previous studies in hexapods have reported that limb coordination patterns can vary substantially, the structure of this variability is not yet well understood. Here, we characterized the symmetric and asymmetric components of variation in walking kinematics in the genetic model organism Drosophila. We found that Drosophila use a single continuum of coordination patterns without evidence for preferred configurations. Spontaneous symmetric variability was associated with modulation of a single control parameter—stance duration—while asymmetric variability consisted of small, limb-specific modulations along multiple dimensions of the underlying symmetric pattern. Commands that modulated walking speed, originating from artificial neural activation or from the visual system, evoked modulations consistent with spontaneous behavior. Our findings suggest that Drosophila employ a low-dimensional control architecture, which provides a framework for understanding the neural circuits that regulate hexapod legged locomotion.

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“…Turning can be accomplished by changing either the pulling direction of the forelegs or the stride length of the outside leg (Franklin et al, 1981;Strauss & Heisenberg, 1990). Also, the inside legs can pull laterally or even walk backward to make the insect turn (Frantsevich & Mokrushov, 1980;Strauss & Heisenberg, 1990). In escape responses, one complete leg tripod on one side can move toward the body, while the other side tripod moves straight back or away from the body (Mu & Ritzmann, 2005).…”

Section: Locomotion Kinematicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Semiaquatic Heteroptera locomotion: coral treaders (Hermatobates weddi, Hermatobatidae), sea skaters (Halovelia septentrionalis, Veliidae), and water striders (Metrocoris histrio, Gerridae). Usual and unusual gaits

et al. 2009

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Using high-speed video recordings, we carried out an analysis of the locomotion gaits of the following aquatic Heteroptera: coral treaders Hermatobates weddi (Hermatobatidae), sea striders Halovelia septentrionalis (Veliidae), and water striders Metrocoris histrio (Gerridae), in the Island of Amami Oshima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. Most insects use an alternating double tripod gait for walking, whereas species of Gerridae and some Veliidae use a synchronous rowing gait. We found that H. weddi used a peculiar locomotion gait, a modification of the double tripod gait. In this special gait, two alternating dipods (mid and hind legs) are used, while the forelegs remained inactive. Contralateral mid and hind stroked simultaneously. The mid leg recovered immediately after the stroke; however, the hind leg was delayed and remained extended after the stroke. Next, the following bipod stroked, and when that mid leg finished the stroke, both ipsilateral mid and hind (the one which did not recover after the stroke) legs recovered together. Turning is also unique in H. weddi because the body axis rotation and the course turning (deflection) were clearly separated in two phases. We compared the kinematics of H. weddi pattern with the synchronous rowing pattern found in H. septentrionalis and M. histrio and discussed some biomechanical consequences. We also analyzed phylogenetic implications of this gait, and we posit that the modified double dipod gait is a uniquely derived character of the family Hermatobatidae. The synchronous rowing gait would be an autapomorphy for the clade Gerridae ? Veliidae. The modified thorax, with the meso and metacoxae horizontally directed, would be a synapomorphy for the superfamily Gerroidea (Hermatobatidae, Gerridae, and Veliidae).

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Turning and righting inGeotrupes (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)

Cited by 29 publications

References 16 publications

Innate turning preference of leaf-cutting ants in the absence of external orientation cues

Innate turning preference of leaf-cutting ants in the absence of external orientation cues

The manifold structure of limb coordination in walking Drosophila

Semiaquatic Heteroptera locomotion: coral treaders (Hermatobates weddi, Hermatobatidae), sea skaters (Halovelia septentrionalis, Veliidae), and water striders (Metrocoris histrio, Gerridae). Usual and unusual gaits

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