Turku sugar studies: An overview

Scheinin, Arje; Mäkinen, Kauko K.

doi:10.3109/00016357609004651

Cited by 62 publications

(79 citation statements)

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“…The only two studies from which conclusive evidence can be drawn are the Vipeholm study (Gustaffson et al 1954) and the Turku study (Scheinin & Makinen, 1975).…”

Section: Epidemiological Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the Turku study, which showed the benefits to dental health of replacing sugars with the non-sugar sweetener xylitol (Scheinin & Makinen, 1975), the use of non-cariogenic sweeteners in place of sugars has been researched widely. Intense sweeteners (saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame potassium and thaumatin) are not chemically related to sugars and are safe for teeth.…”

Section: N O N -S U G a R S W E E T E N E R Smentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Relationship Between Diet, Nutrition and Dental Health: an Overview and Update for the 90s

Moynihan

1995

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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“…The only two studies from which conclusive evidence can be drawn are the Vipeholm study (Gustaffson et al 1954) and the Turku study (Scheinin & Makinen, 1975).…”

Section: Epidemiological Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: N O N -S U G a R S W E E T E N E R Smentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Diet, Nutrition and Dental Health: an Overview and Update for the 90s

Moynihan

1995

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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“…There now exists considerable scientiftc and commercial pressure to introduce xylitoi into our diets in greater than normal quantities in order to reduce the incidence of dental caries, a major health problem in our society (Scheinin and Makinen, 1975;Makinen, 1978; Counsell, 1978). This is because the total or partial substitution of dietary sucrose by xylito] considerably reduced the incidence of dental caries in volunteers who participated in a two-year trial in Turku, Finland (Scheinin and Makinen, 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because the total or partial substitution of dietary sucrose by xylito] considerably reduced the incidence of dental caries in volunteers who participated in a two-year trial in Turku, Finland (Scheinin and Makinen, 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Dietary Xylitol on the Ability of Rat Caecal Flora to Metabolise Xylitol

Ravi

Wilkinson

Joyce

et al. 1980

Aust J Exp Biol Med

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Summary. The effect of dietary xyiitol on the ability ofthe rat caeca! flora lo metabolise xylitol was investigated. Xylitol metabolism in micro-organisms has generally been assessed in terms ofpH change and acid production wbich are often insensitive in demonstrating low rates ofsubstrate utilisation. Using a rapid and sensitive radioisotopic assay. in which '*COj production from lU-'^Cl xylitol was measured, it was possible to show that the caecal microflora obtained from rats can metabolise xylitol. This activity was increased 10, 15, 30 and 40-fold in the caecal flora taken from rats fed diets containing 2'5. 5. 10 and 20% xylitol, respectively.Using the caecal microflora of normally fed rats, the order of'•'COj production from '*C-iabelled sugars and sugar alcohols was glucose > fructose > xylose > sorbitol ? xylitol. The feeding of glucose and fructose did not alter tbe '^COj producing activities, whereas xylose feeding increased xylose metabolism, sorbitol feeding increased sorbitol and xylitol metabolism, xylitol feeding increased sorbitol, xylose and its own metabolism and arabitol feeding increased xylose and sorbitol metabolism. Marked changes were also observed in the population of the caecal flora of xylitol-fed rats, with increases in the number of gram-positive bacteria, compared to rats on a normal diet. Possible mechanisms for these effects involve mutation, selection of micro-organisms capable of metabolising sugar alcohols, and the induction of enzymes involved in sugar alcohol metabolism. INTRODUCTIONThere now exists considerable scientiftc and commercial pressure to introduce xylitoi into our diets in greater than normal quantities in order to reduce the incidence of dental caries, a major health problem in our society (Scheinin and Makinen, 1975;Makinen, 1978; Counsell, 1978). This is because the total or partial substitution of dietary sucrose by xylito] considerably reduced the incidence of dental caries in volunteers who participated in a two-year trial in Turku, Finland (Scheinin and Makinen, 1975).

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“…Epidemiological investigations with human subjects have shown that the intake of sucrose-containing foodstuffs is related to the development of dental caries and the deliberate restriction of sucrose from foodstuffs results in the reduction of dental caries (6,20). Furthermore, sucrose has been shown to promote the highest level of dental caries in experimental animals infected with mutans streptococci, when compared with other mono-and disaccharides (16,17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Caries Inhibitory Effects of GOS‐Sugar in vitro and in Rat Experiments

Ooshima

Fujiwara²,

Takei³

et al. 1988

Microbiology and Immunology

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The caries inhibitory activity of GOS-sugar (panose-and maltose-rich sugar mixture) was examined and compared with that of sucrose, maltose, or glucose in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Streptococcus mutans MT8148R (serotype c) and Streptococcus sobrinus 6715 (g) did ferment GOS-sugar and produce acid in a similar way as with maltose and glucose. However, GOS-sugar could not be a substrate for the glucosyltransferases (GTases) of these mutans streptococci to synthesize the water-insoluble glucan. Also, it significantly inhibited not only the synthesis of waterinsoluble glucan from sucrose by the crude GTases but also the sucrose-dependent adherence of these cells to a glass surface. In particular, adherence of growing cells of 6715 was markedly inhibited by the presence of GOS-sugar. GOS-sugar was found to induce significant but minimal dental caries in SPF rats infected with either MT8148R or 6715. Furthermore, the replacement of half of the dietary sucrose content with GOS-sugar resulted in a significant reduction of caries development in rats infected with strain 6715.

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Turku sugar studies: An overview

Cited by 62 publications

References 0 publications

The Relationship Between Diet, Nutrition and Dental Health: an Overview and Update for the 90s

The Relationship Between Diet, Nutrition and Dental Health: an Overview and Update for the 90s

The Effect of Dietary Xylitol on the Ability of Rat Caecal Flora to Metabolise Xylitol

The Caries Inhibitory Effects of GOS‐Sugar in vitro and in Rat Experiments

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