Abstract:Objective: The present study aimed to assess the safety of pancreatic anastomosis after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and to compare the results of sutureless pancreatogastrostomy (PG) with those of single-layer duct-to-mucosa pancreatojejunostomy (PJ) after PD in patients with malignant disease of the pancreatic head and of the periampullary region.
Materials and Methods:The study included 173 consecutive patients undergoing PD from May 2009 to December 2015 at a single surgical center. Single-layer duct-to-mu… Show more
“…This natural rhythmicity is called the circadian rhythm and it affects several processes such as sleep-wake cycles, mood, hormone levels, cognition, and temperature. The trait determining individual circadian preference in rhythm is known as chronotype, which is relative to cycles of external light and dark (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Chronotypes are divided into three main categories: morning, intermediate, and evening.…”
Objectives: To evaluate possible associations between chronotype, weight, sleep problems, anxiety, and depression among children from 6 to 12 years of age. Method: One-hundred children aged between 6 and 12 years were randomly recruited in five pediatrician clinics in the capital city of Beirut, Lebanon. The protocol was approved by the ethics committee of Saint-Joseph University and Hotel-Dieu Hospital and an informed written formal consent was obtained from one of the parents. The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (CCTQ), the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS)-Parent version, and the Children's Chronotype Questionnaire (CCTQ) were used. Results: The majority of the sample (47%) presented an intermediate chronotype. There was a shift toward evening chronotype with increased age and a significant association between electronic devices use and an evening chronotype. Higher sleep disturbances were also observed among children with an evening chronotype. In particular, disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep, non-restorative sleep, excessive somnolence, and total SDSC were significantly higher among evening type children in our study. Finally, major depression domain scores were significantly higher among children with an evening chronotype. Conclusions: Several findings of this study are important and explain factors associated to chronotype in children. Two important future perspectives can be highlighted: limiting electronic devices use among children in an effort to reduce circadian rhythm disturbances and identifying and treating sleep problems associated with eveningness, taking into account the possible presence of major depression among this population.
“…This natural rhythmicity is called the circadian rhythm and it affects several processes such as sleep-wake cycles, mood, hormone levels, cognition, and temperature. The trait determining individual circadian preference in rhythm is known as chronotype, which is relative to cycles of external light and dark (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Chronotypes are divided into three main categories: morning, intermediate, and evening.…”
Objectives: To evaluate possible associations between chronotype, weight, sleep problems, anxiety, and depression among children from 6 to 12 years of age. Method: One-hundred children aged between 6 and 12 years were randomly recruited in five pediatrician clinics in the capital city of Beirut, Lebanon. The protocol was approved by the ethics committee of Saint-Joseph University and Hotel-Dieu Hospital and an informed written formal consent was obtained from one of the parents. The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (CCTQ), the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS)-Parent version, and the Children's Chronotype Questionnaire (CCTQ) were used. Results: The majority of the sample (47%) presented an intermediate chronotype. There was a shift toward evening chronotype with increased age and a significant association between electronic devices use and an evening chronotype. Higher sleep disturbances were also observed among children with an evening chronotype. In particular, disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep, non-restorative sleep, excessive somnolence, and total SDSC were significantly higher among evening type children in our study. Finally, major depression domain scores were significantly higher among children with an evening chronotype. Conclusions: Several findings of this study are important and explain factors associated to chronotype in children. Two important future perspectives can be highlighted: limiting electronic devices use among children in an effort to reduce circadian rhythm disturbances and identifying and treating sleep problems associated with eveningness, taking into account the possible presence of major depression among this population.
Since a thorough review in 2011 by Spruyt, into the integral pitfalls of pediatric questionnaires in sleep, sleep researchers worldwide have further evaluated many existing tools. This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate and summarize the tools currently in circulation and provide recommendations for potential evolving avenues of pediatric sleep interest. 144 "tool"-studies (70 tools) have been published aiming at investigating sleep in primarily 6-18 years old per parental report. Although 27 new tools were discovered, most of the studies translated or evaluated the psychometric properties of existing tools. Some form of normative values has been established in 18 studies. More than half of the tools queried general sleep problems. Extra efforts in tool development are still needed for tools that assess children outside the 6-to-12-year-old age range, as well as for tools examining sleep-related aspects beyond sleep problems/disorders. Especially assessing the validity of tools has been pursued vis-à-vis fulfillment of psychometric criteria. While the Spruyt et al. review provided a rigorous step-by-step guide into the development and validation of such tools, a pattern of steps continue to be overlooked. As these instruments are potentially valuable in assisting in the development of a clinical diagnosis into pediatric sleep pathologies, it is required that while they are primary subjective measures, they behave as objective measures. More tools for specific populations (e.g., in terms of ages, developmental disabilities, and sleep pathologies) are still needed.
“…Thus, the mean sleep duration is obtained. Turkish validity and reliability study for the scale was done by Dursun et al 22…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thus, the mean sleep duration is obtained. Turkish validity and reliability study for the scale was done by Dursun et al 22 SJL and SJLsc parameters were calculated with formulas created in previous studies. 13,17 SJL is found by the absolute value of the difference between the middle hour of sleep on free days (midsleep on free days-MSF) and the middle hours of sleep in workdays (midsleep of workdays-MSW).…”
Although the relationship between circadian rhythm parameters and obesity in children and adolescents are widely recognized, there are still not enough studies. The concept of Sleep Corrected Social Jet lag (SJLsc) has been formulated recently and its relationship with childhood obesity has not been established. In this study, we aimed to compare circadian rhythm parameters between obese and normal-weight children and adolescents. Seventy-nine obese and eighty-two normal-weighted children and adolescents aged between 8-17 years participated in this case-control study which took place in Turkey's Mardin province. Sociodemographic information, Childhood Chronotype Questionnaire, and anthropometric data were collected. The average age of the obese and controls were 12.3 SD:2.3, 12.4 SD:2.2 respectively. Obese young had more evening preference, sleep dept duration, SJL duration, SJLsc duration and morning Evening Scale (MeScale) scores; less mean sleep duration (p<0.005). In regression analyses, BMI z scores were significant correlated with all circadian rhythm parameters, except SJLsc duration, WC z scores were significant correlated with all circadian rhythm parameters, except mean sleep duration. After adjustment, the high mescale scores (OR:1.142, p<0.05) and the presence of a psychiatric disease in the mother (OR:15.075, p<0.05) were associated with obesity. Circadian rhythm parameters can play an important role in the etiology of obesity. Future studies with larger samples and fewer confounding factors are needed to clarify the etiological factors.
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