Abstract:The main purpose of this study is to establish a valid and reliable Turkish version of the Transactional Presence Scale. The study also aims to determine whether learners' personality structures, age, sex, previous experiences of distance education and perceptions of transactional presence are significant predictors of their perceived learning. The study sample consisted of 467 students who received pedagogical formation training at Sakarya University and agreed to participate in the study. The study used the … Show more
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